Enhanced Performance of a Thermoelectric Module with Heat Pipes for Refrigeration Applications
Thermoelectric module (TEM)-based coolers are gaining traction as compact, portable refrigeration solutions for storing medicine, beverages, and food. However, their adoption has been limited by relatively low cooling power and efficiency. This study demonstrates the importance of heat transfer in e...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2426 |
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| author | Majed A. Alrefae |
| author_facet | Majed A. Alrefae |
| author_sort | Majed A. Alrefae |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thermoelectric module (TEM)-based coolers are gaining traction as compact, portable refrigeration solutions for storing medicine, beverages, and food. However, their adoption has been limited by relatively low cooling power and efficiency. This study demonstrates the importance of heat transfer in enhancing the coefficient of performance (COP) of TEMs through optimizing their boundary conditions. Among the three boundary conditions evaluated, the most effective involved integrating heat pipes (HPs) with a cooling fan on both sides of the TEM. This configuration significantly improved thermal management, enabling the system to achieve a COP of 0.53, with a cooling rate of 26.26 W and a cold-side temperature of 278.5 K. The enhanced heat extraction from the hot side, reaching 61.94 W, reduced the hot-side temperature to 305.6 K and decreased the overall thermal resistance, confirming the critical role of active heat dissipation. Moreover, placing a cooling fan on the HPs is crucial for facilitating efficient heat transfer from the hot side with a lower thermal resistance, as confirmed via thermal resistance analysis. Furthermore, a prototype refrigerator based on the TEM with HPs was built and tested indoors and outdoors with a COP of 0.45, a cooling rate of 21.97 W, and a cold-side temperature of 271.0 K. This study shows that the COP of TEMs can be increased by applying HPs to reduce the total thermal resistance of the TEM sides. Further optimization of TEM-based refrigerators holds promise for improving their performance in sustainable, small-scale cooling applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b917cd6f46b449b8b9652f1142fa7fd7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-b917cd6f46b449b8b9652f1142fa7fd72025-08-20T03:14:31ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011810242610.3390/en18102426Enhanced Performance of a Thermoelectric Module with Heat Pipes for Refrigeration ApplicationsMajed A. Alrefae0Mechanical Engineering Department, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Industrial City 41912, Saudi ArabiaThermoelectric module (TEM)-based coolers are gaining traction as compact, portable refrigeration solutions for storing medicine, beverages, and food. However, their adoption has been limited by relatively low cooling power and efficiency. This study demonstrates the importance of heat transfer in enhancing the coefficient of performance (COP) of TEMs through optimizing their boundary conditions. Among the three boundary conditions evaluated, the most effective involved integrating heat pipes (HPs) with a cooling fan on both sides of the TEM. This configuration significantly improved thermal management, enabling the system to achieve a COP of 0.53, with a cooling rate of 26.26 W and a cold-side temperature of 278.5 K. The enhanced heat extraction from the hot side, reaching 61.94 W, reduced the hot-side temperature to 305.6 K and decreased the overall thermal resistance, confirming the critical role of active heat dissipation. Moreover, placing a cooling fan on the HPs is crucial for facilitating efficient heat transfer from the hot side with a lower thermal resistance, as confirmed via thermal resistance analysis. Furthermore, a prototype refrigerator based on the TEM with HPs was built and tested indoors and outdoors with a COP of 0.45, a cooling rate of 21.97 W, and a cold-side temperature of 271.0 K. This study shows that the COP of TEMs can be increased by applying HPs to reduce the total thermal resistance of the TEM sides. Further optimization of TEM-based refrigerators holds promise for improving their performance in sustainable, small-scale cooling applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2426thermoelectricheat transfercoefficient of performancerefrigerationheat pipe |
| spellingShingle | Majed A. Alrefae Enhanced Performance of a Thermoelectric Module with Heat Pipes for Refrigeration Applications Energies thermoelectric heat transfer coefficient of performance refrigeration heat pipe |
| title | Enhanced Performance of a Thermoelectric Module with Heat Pipes for Refrigeration Applications |
| title_full | Enhanced Performance of a Thermoelectric Module with Heat Pipes for Refrigeration Applications |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Performance of a Thermoelectric Module with Heat Pipes for Refrigeration Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Performance of a Thermoelectric Module with Heat Pipes for Refrigeration Applications |
| title_short | Enhanced Performance of a Thermoelectric Module with Heat Pipes for Refrigeration Applications |
| title_sort | enhanced performance of a thermoelectric module with heat pipes for refrigeration applications |
| topic | thermoelectric heat transfer coefficient of performance refrigeration heat pipe |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2426 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT majedaalrefae enhancedperformanceofathermoelectricmodulewithheatpipesforrefrigerationapplications |