A pilot study on nasal wash galactomannan as a surrogate marker for invasive aspergillosis among hematology patients in Thailand

Abstract Universal antifungal treatment has been recommended among hematology patients during chemotherapy to prevent invasive aspergillosis (IA) in developed countries, but it remains a significant challenge in resource-limited settings. Identifying at-risk individuals could enhance clinical outcom...

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Main Authors: Natnai Charoonrochana, Natini Jinawath, Pitak Santanirand, Atisak Jiaranaikulwanich, Aruchalean Taweewongsounton, Chavachol Setthaudom, Tananun Tanpaibule, Dootsadeephorn Surin, Pansachee Damronglerd, Wasithep Limvorapitak, Sirapat Rungwittayatiwat, Subencha Pinsai, Pimjai Niparuck, Porpon Rotjanapan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80374-6
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author Natnai Charoonrochana
Natini Jinawath
Pitak Santanirand
Atisak Jiaranaikulwanich
Aruchalean Taweewongsounton
Chavachol Setthaudom
Tananun Tanpaibule
Dootsadeephorn Surin
Pansachee Damronglerd
Wasithep Limvorapitak
Sirapat Rungwittayatiwat
Subencha Pinsai
Pimjai Niparuck
Porpon Rotjanapan
author_facet Natnai Charoonrochana
Natini Jinawath
Pitak Santanirand
Atisak Jiaranaikulwanich
Aruchalean Taweewongsounton
Chavachol Setthaudom
Tananun Tanpaibule
Dootsadeephorn Surin
Pansachee Damronglerd
Wasithep Limvorapitak
Sirapat Rungwittayatiwat
Subencha Pinsai
Pimjai Niparuck
Porpon Rotjanapan
author_sort Natnai Charoonrochana
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Universal antifungal treatment has been recommended among hematology patients during chemotherapy to prevent invasive aspergillosis (IA) in developed countries, but it remains a significant challenge in resource-limited settings. Identifying at-risk individuals could enhance clinical outcomes. A prospective pilot study was conducted at four Thai tertiary care hospitals from April 2021 to January 2023, aiming to assess the correlation and the potential of nasal wash galactomannan (GM) as an IA predictor in hematology patients. It enrolled all patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requiring induction chemotherapy and those admitted for stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nasal wash fluid samples were collected for galactomannan testing and fungal culture to assess Aspergillus spp. colonization before chemotherapy. The study included 34 AML and SCT patients. Among them, 3/34 tested positive for Aspergillus spp. colonization via nasal wash fungal culture. After six months, 18 (52.9%) patients were diagnosed with IA—15/25 patients with AML and 3/9 SCT recipients. The traditional culture did not predict IA, whereas nasal wash fluid galactomannan cutoff value of 0.46 yielded a sensitivity of 40% and a specificity of 80% for predicting probable and possible IA in patients with AML. However, in the subgroup analysis, the test did not reveal any correlation with IA development. More extensive studies are needed to validate the optimal IA risk prediction strategy.
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spelling doaj-art-b8e609fb32f442e99a9c9dd2e8c4bb652024-12-01T12:25:15ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111310.1038/s41598-024-80374-6A pilot study on nasal wash galactomannan as a surrogate marker for invasive aspergillosis among hematology patients in ThailandNatnai Charoonrochana0Natini Jinawath1Pitak Santanirand2Atisak Jiaranaikulwanich3Aruchalean Taweewongsounton4Chavachol Setthaudom5Tananun Tanpaibule6Dootsadeephorn Surin7Pansachee Damronglerd8Wasithep Limvorapitak9Sirapat Rungwittayatiwat10Subencha Pinsai11Pimjai Niparuck12Porpon Rotjanapan13Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityProgram in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityDivision of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityDivision of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityDivision of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi HospitalDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj UniversityDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat UniversityDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Chao Phraya Abhaibhubejhr HospitalDepartment of Medicine, Chao Phraya Abhaibhubejhr HospitalDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityAbstract Universal antifungal treatment has been recommended among hematology patients during chemotherapy to prevent invasive aspergillosis (IA) in developed countries, but it remains a significant challenge in resource-limited settings. Identifying at-risk individuals could enhance clinical outcomes. A prospective pilot study was conducted at four Thai tertiary care hospitals from April 2021 to January 2023, aiming to assess the correlation and the potential of nasal wash galactomannan (GM) as an IA predictor in hematology patients. It enrolled all patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requiring induction chemotherapy and those admitted for stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nasal wash fluid samples were collected for galactomannan testing and fungal culture to assess Aspergillus spp. colonization before chemotherapy. The study included 34 AML and SCT patients. Among them, 3/34 tested positive for Aspergillus spp. colonization via nasal wash fungal culture. After six months, 18 (52.9%) patients were diagnosed with IA—15/25 patients with AML and 3/9 SCT recipients. The traditional culture did not predict IA, whereas nasal wash fluid galactomannan cutoff value of 0.46 yielded a sensitivity of 40% and a specificity of 80% for predicting probable and possible IA in patients with AML. However, in the subgroup analysis, the test did not reveal any correlation with IA development. More extensive studies are needed to validate the optimal IA risk prediction strategy.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80374-6GalactomannanNasal washInvasive aspergillosisAcute myeloid leukemiaHematopoietic stem cell transplant
spellingShingle Natnai Charoonrochana
Natini Jinawath
Pitak Santanirand
Atisak Jiaranaikulwanich
Aruchalean Taweewongsounton
Chavachol Setthaudom
Tananun Tanpaibule
Dootsadeephorn Surin
Pansachee Damronglerd
Wasithep Limvorapitak
Sirapat Rungwittayatiwat
Subencha Pinsai
Pimjai Niparuck
Porpon Rotjanapan
A pilot study on nasal wash galactomannan as a surrogate marker for invasive aspergillosis among hematology patients in Thailand
Scientific Reports
Galactomannan
Nasal wash
Invasive aspergillosis
Acute myeloid leukemia
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant
title A pilot study on nasal wash galactomannan as a surrogate marker for invasive aspergillosis among hematology patients in Thailand
title_full A pilot study on nasal wash galactomannan as a surrogate marker for invasive aspergillosis among hematology patients in Thailand
title_fullStr A pilot study on nasal wash galactomannan as a surrogate marker for invasive aspergillosis among hematology patients in Thailand
title_full_unstemmed A pilot study on nasal wash galactomannan as a surrogate marker for invasive aspergillosis among hematology patients in Thailand
title_short A pilot study on nasal wash galactomannan as a surrogate marker for invasive aspergillosis among hematology patients in Thailand
title_sort pilot study on nasal wash galactomannan as a surrogate marker for invasive aspergillosis among hematology patients in thailand
topic Galactomannan
Nasal wash
Invasive aspergillosis
Acute myeloid leukemia
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80374-6
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