Building the Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity (IDEA)

The Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity is constructed from 15 of the Census Bureau’s primary monthly economic indicators to provide a single time series reflecting the variation over time in the whole set of component series. The component series provide monthly measures of activity in retail...

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Main Authors: Jose Asturias, William R. Bell, Rebecca Hutchinson, Tucker S. McElroy, Katherine J. Thompson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Data Science in Science
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/26941899.2025.2489414
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author Jose Asturias
William R. Bell
Rebecca Hutchinson
Tucker S. McElroy
Katherine J. Thompson
author_facet Jose Asturias
William R. Bell
Rebecca Hutchinson
Tucker S. McElroy
Katherine J. Thompson
author_sort Jose Asturias
collection DOAJ
description The Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity is constructed from 15 of the Census Bureau’s primary monthly economic indicators to provide a single time series reflecting the variation over time in the whole set of component series. The component series provide monthly measures of activity in retail and wholesale trade, manufacturing, construction, international trade, and business formations. The index applies the method of principal components analysis (PCA) to the time series of monthly growth rates of the seasonally adjusted component series, after they are standardized to have mean zero and variance 1. The index is published every business day, and so is updated whenever a new monthly value is released for any of its components. Since the monthly release dates vary across the components, series that are one month behind are nowcast for the current index month using a multivariate autoregressive model to provide an index that is conceptually consistent over time. This paper discusses the input series to the index, the construction of the index by PCA, and the nowcasting procedure. We then examine some properties of the index and its relation to quarterly U.S. Gross Domestic Product and to some monthly non-Census Bureau economic indicators.
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spelling doaj-art-b88f11ef47a54a288c5b2db1eb8db4132025-08-20T03:49:13ZengTaylor & Francis GroupData Science in Science2694-18992025-12-014110.1080/26941899.2025.2489414Building the Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity (IDEA)Jose Asturias0William R. Bell1Rebecca Hutchinson2Tucker S. McElroy3Katherine J. Thompson4Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau, USAResearch and Methodology Directorate, U.S. Census Bureau, USAU.S. Census Bureau (retired), USAResearch and Methodology Directorate, U.S. Census Bureau, USAU.S. Census Bureau (retired), USAThe Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity is constructed from 15 of the Census Bureau’s primary monthly economic indicators to provide a single time series reflecting the variation over time in the whole set of component series. The component series provide monthly measures of activity in retail and wholesale trade, manufacturing, construction, international trade, and business formations. The index applies the method of principal components analysis (PCA) to the time series of monthly growth rates of the seasonally adjusted component series, after they are standardized to have mean zero and variance 1. The index is published every business day, and so is updated whenever a new monthly value is released for any of its components. Since the monthly release dates vary across the components, series that are one month behind are nowcast for the current index month using a multivariate autoregressive model to provide an index that is conceptually consistent over time. This paper discusses the input series to the index, the construction of the index by PCA, and the nowcasting procedure. We then examine some properties of the index and its relation to quarterly U.S. Gross Domestic Product and to some monthly non-Census Bureau economic indicators.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/26941899.2025.2489414Economic indicatorsgrowth ratenowcastprincipal componentsvector autoregression
spellingShingle Jose Asturias
William R. Bell
Rebecca Hutchinson
Tucker S. McElroy
Katherine J. Thompson
Building the Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity (IDEA)
Data Science in Science
Economic indicators
growth rate
nowcast
principal components
vector autoregression
title Building the Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity (IDEA)
title_full Building the Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity (IDEA)
title_fullStr Building the Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity (IDEA)
title_full_unstemmed Building the Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity (IDEA)
title_short Building the Census Bureau Index of Economic Activity (IDEA)
title_sort building the census bureau index of economic activity idea
topic Economic indicators
growth rate
nowcast
principal components
vector autoregression
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/26941899.2025.2489414
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