Incidence, Antibiogram, and Comorbid Conditions of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections Before and After the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Retrospective, Cross-sectional Study
Background: The number of patients with diarrheal diseases admitted to the hospital was reduced during the COVID-19 lockdown. Following the relaxation of the lockdown, admissions of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection showed a two-fold rise compared to pre-COVID-19 years. This retrospective stud...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_97_24 |
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| Summary: | Background:
The number of patients with diarrheal diseases admitted to the hospital was reduced during the COVID-19 lockdown. Following the relaxation of the lockdown, admissions of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection showed a two-fold rise compared to pre-COVID-19 years. This retrospective study aimed to detect the incidence of NTS in the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 outbreak periods, along with describing the antibiogram and comorbid conditions of the patients.
Materials and Methods:
Using a retrospective design, from January 2015 to December 2022, we studied stool samples for the presence of NTS. Antibiogram with ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin were studied. The presence of comorbid conditions was noted.
Results:
We examined 2312 and 937 stool samples collected during the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 outbreak period, respectively. The number of samples collected during the outbreak (2020) was 273. During the pre-COVID-19 period (2015–2019), the average annual isolation rate of NTS was 5.63%. During the lockdown of 2020, the corresponding rate was 5.49%. The isolation rate showed a significant rise (11.45%) during the relaxation of the lockdown (P < 0.001). No significant change in resistance to antibiotics other than ciprofloxacin was noted in the present study. Malignancy was the leading comorbid condition (11.91%) followed by chronic liver diseases (10.31%).
Conclusions:
A significant rise in NTS diarrheal cases was detected following the COVID-19 outbreak. During this period, people were attending more celebrations and feasts. No significant change in antibiotic resistance was noted when comparing pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. Malignancy was the leading comorbid condition. |
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| ISSN: | 2349-4220 2350-0298 |