Evaluating the utility of harvester-collected samples for muskox (Ovibos moschatus) pregnancy diagnostics

Monitoring wildlife health in remote and vast regions of the Arctic can be difficult and expensive, but community-based monitoring programs can help alleviate these issues. Reliable bio-monitoring tools, compatible with sample types collected from remote regions, are needed to determine indicators o...

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Main Authors: Olivia Hee, Mathieu Pruvot, Fabien Mavrot, Eleanor R. Dickinson, Gabriela F. Mastromonaco, Lisa-Marie Leclerc, John Blake, Carla Willetto, Jan Adamczewski, Susan Kutz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-01-01
Series:Theriogenology Wild
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000412
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author Olivia Hee
Mathieu Pruvot
Fabien Mavrot
Eleanor R. Dickinson
Gabriela F. Mastromonaco
Lisa-Marie Leclerc
John Blake
Carla Willetto
Jan Adamczewski
Susan Kutz
author_facet Olivia Hee
Mathieu Pruvot
Fabien Mavrot
Eleanor R. Dickinson
Gabriela F. Mastromonaco
Lisa-Marie Leclerc
John Blake
Carla Willetto
Jan Adamczewski
Susan Kutz
author_sort Olivia Hee
collection DOAJ
description Monitoring wildlife health in remote and vast regions of the Arctic can be difficult and expensive, but community-based monitoring programs can help alleviate these issues. Reliable bio-monitoring tools, compatible with sample types collected from remote regions, are needed to determine indicators of population health, such as reproductive rates. We sought to establish methods to diagnose pregnancy in muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) using samples that are commonly collected in harvester-based sampling programs: blood on filter paper and feces. We first evaluated three pregnancy tests, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) on filter paper blood samples and fecal progesterone and estrogen metabolites (FPM and FEM), using 12 captive female muskoxen of known pregnancy status. Pregnancy diagnostics using PAG were highly sensitive (100 %) and specific (100 %), with a diagnostic threshold of 19.4 percent positivity (%P) relative to the positive control of the test kit. FPM and FEM diagnostic accuracy differed by hormone and time period. FPM was most accurate in mid-gestation and FEM most accurate in late gestation (sensitivities and specificities of 100 %), but both were overall less accurate than the PAG test during gestation. PAG %P followed a biphasic pattern during gestation, FPM peaked in mid-gestation, and FEM peaked in late-gestation. Following the captive trial, we applied these tests to fecal samples and blood on filter paper samples from 159 adult female muskoxen that were submitted by harvesters through community-based monitoring programs in the Canadian Arctic. The observed patterns of PAG, FPM, and FEM in wild muskoxen throughout gestation were similar to captive muskoxen, though with lower levels of the respective biomarker, requiring different diagnostic thresholds for each test. This work with captive and wild muskoxen provides guidelines for pregnancy diagnostics in muskoxen throughout gestation using samples that can be easily collected by harvesters, allowing for improved monitoring of difficult to access populations through community-based approaches.
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spelling doaj-art-b7bdde2023404cc2b0d9012c5dcb9b672024-12-12T05:24:48ZengElsevierTheriogenology Wild2773-093X2024-01-015100110Evaluating the utility of harvester-collected samples for muskox (Ovibos moschatus) pregnancy diagnosticsOlivia Hee0Mathieu Pruvot1Fabien Mavrot2Eleanor R. Dickinson3Gabriela F. Mastromonaco4Lisa-Marie Leclerc5John Blake6Carla Willetto7Jan Adamczewski8Susan Kutz9University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Corresponding author.University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, CanadaUniversity of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, CanadaUniversity of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, CanadaReproductive Sciences Unit, Toronto Zoo, 361A Old Finch Avenue, Scarborough, Ontario M1B 5K7, CanadaDepartment of Environment, Government of Nunavut, PO Box 377, Kugluktuk, Nunavut X0B 0E0, CanadaAnimal Resources Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1033 Sheenjek Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USAAnimal Resources Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1033 Sheenjek Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USADepartment of Environment and Climate Change, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories X1A 2L9, CanadaUniversity of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, CanadaMonitoring wildlife health in remote and vast regions of the Arctic can be difficult and expensive, but community-based monitoring programs can help alleviate these issues. Reliable bio-monitoring tools, compatible with sample types collected from remote regions, are needed to determine indicators of population health, such as reproductive rates. We sought to establish methods to diagnose pregnancy in muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) using samples that are commonly collected in harvester-based sampling programs: blood on filter paper and feces. We first evaluated three pregnancy tests, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) on filter paper blood samples and fecal progesterone and estrogen metabolites (FPM and FEM), using 12 captive female muskoxen of known pregnancy status. Pregnancy diagnostics using PAG were highly sensitive (100 %) and specific (100 %), with a diagnostic threshold of 19.4 percent positivity (%P) relative to the positive control of the test kit. FPM and FEM diagnostic accuracy differed by hormone and time period. FPM was most accurate in mid-gestation and FEM most accurate in late gestation (sensitivities and specificities of 100 %), but both were overall less accurate than the PAG test during gestation. PAG %P followed a biphasic pattern during gestation, FPM peaked in mid-gestation, and FEM peaked in late-gestation. Following the captive trial, we applied these tests to fecal samples and blood on filter paper samples from 159 adult female muskoxen that were submitted by harvesters through community-based monitoring programs in the Canadian Arctic. The observed patterns of PAG, FPM, and FEM in wild muskoxen throughout gestation were similar to captive muskoxen, though with lower levels of the respective biomarker, requiring different diagnostic thresholds for each test. This work with captive and wild muskoxen provides guidelines for pregnancy diagnostics in muskoxen throughout gestation using samples that can be easily collected by harvesters, allowing for improved monitoring of difficult to access populations through community-based approaches.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000412Community-based monitoringEstrogenFecalFilter paperPregnancy-associated glycoproteinProgesterone
spellingShingle Olivia Hee
Mathieu Pruvot
Fabien Mavrot
Eleanor R. Dickinson
Gabriela F. Mastromonaco
Lisa-Marie Leclerc
John Blake
Carla Willetto
Jan Adamczewski
Susan Kutz
Evaluating the utility of harvester-collected samples for muskox (Ovibos moschatus) pregnancy diagnostics
Theriogenology Wild
Community-based monitoring
Estrogen
Fecal
Filter paper
Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein
Progesterone
title Evaluating the utility of harvester-collected samples for muskox (Ovibos moschatus) pregnancy diagnostics
title_full Evaluating the utility of harvester-collected samples for muskox (Ovibos moschatus) pregnancy diagnostics
title_fullStr Evaluating the utility of harvester-collected samples for muskox (Ovibos moschatus) pregnancy diagnostics
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the utility of harvester-collected samples for muskox (Ovibos moschatus) pregnancy diagnostics
title_short Evaluating the utility of harvester-collected samples for muskox (Ovibos moschatus) pregnancy diagnostics
title_sort evaluating the utility of harvester collected samples for muskox ovibos moschatus pregnancy diagnostics
topic Community-based monitoring
Estrogen
Fecal
Filter paper
Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein
Progesterone
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000412
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