Fuel Ignition in HTP Hybrid Rockets at Very Low Mass Fluxes: Challenges and Pulsed Preheating Techniques Using Palladium-Coated Catalysts
In a worldwide scenario which sees an increasing number of small satellite launches, novel mission concepts may be unlocked providing the spacecrafts with the very precise and rapid maneuvering capability that electric thrusters cannot guarantee. In this context, chemical thrusters appear to be a po...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Sergio Cassese Stefano Mungiguerra Veniero Marco Capone Riccardo Guida Anselmo Cecere Raffaele Savino |
| author_facet | Sergio Cassese Stefano Mungiguerra Veniero Marco Capone Riccardo Guida Anselmo Cecere Raffaele Savino |
| author_sort | Sergio Cassese |
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| description | In a worldwide scenario which sees an increasing number of small satellite launches, novel mission concepts may be unlocked providing the spacecrafts with the very precise and rapid maneuvering capability that electric thrusters cannot guarantee. In this context, chemical thrusters appear to be a possible solution. This work aimed to experimentally study and solve the problem of ignition for 10 N hybrid rockets based on hydrogen peroxide. Firstly, the study analyzed the performance of a monopropellant engine capable of functioning as a hybrid injection system. In particular, the effects of the liquid mass injected, the initial temperature, and the supply pressure on the pulsed engine performance were experimentally investigated. The injected mass showed a greater impact on the performance with respect to the starting chamber temperature and injection pressure. This thruster also showed a good potential for space applications. In the second part of the work, the objective was to find an ignition procedure that reduced propellant consumption and eliminated the need for a glow plug. This is important because the electrical power consumption in real applications significantly affects other subsystems and is undesirable for chemical engines. Different ignition procedures were tested to emphasize their respective advantages and disadvantages, and the findings indicated that the concept of pulsed preheating is feasible with only a small amount of propellant consumption, while substantially decreasing the ignition duration from approximately 45 min to a maximum of just 3 min. Finally, similar ignition procedures were adopted using different fuels. The results showed that PVC and ABS, under the same operating conditions, ignite more easily than HDPE, which requires an oxidizer consumption approximately double that of the other two fuels. Considerations about the effect of chamber pressure and oxidizer mass flow rate on engine ignition were also included. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| series | Aerospace |
| spelling | doaj-art-b7aca86a5f7c482092f2f2e7df1044032024-11-26T17:42:48ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102024-10-01111188410.3390/aerospace11110884Fuel Ignition in HTP Hybrid Rockets at Very Low Mass Fluxes: Challenges and Pulsed Preheating Techniques Using Palladium-Coated CatalystsSergio Cassese0Stefano Mungiguerra1Veniero Marco Capone2Riccardo Guida3Anselmo Cecere4Raffaele Savino5Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, ItalyCosmology, Space Science and Space Technology, Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo S. Marcellino, 10, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, ItalyIn a worldwide scenario which sees an increasing number of small satellite launches, novel mission concepts may be unlocked providing the spacecrafts with the very precise and rapid maneuvering capability that electric thrusters cannot guarantee. In this context, chemical thrusters appear to be a possible solution. This work aimed to experimentally study and solve the problem of ignition for 10 N hybrid rockets based on hydrogen peroxide. Firstly, the study analyzed the performance of a monopropellant engine capable of functioning as a hybrid injection system. In particular, the effects of the liquid mass injected, the initial temperature, and the supply pressure on the pulsed engine performance were experimentally investigated. The injected mass showed a greater impact on the performance with respect to the starting chamber temperature and injection pressure. This thruster also showed a good potential for space applications. In the second part of the work, the objective was to find an ignition procedure that reduced propellant consumption and eliminated the need for a glow plug. This is important because the electrical power consumption in real applications significantly affects other subsystems and is undesirable for chemical engines. Different ignition procedures were tested to emphasize their respective advantages and disadvantages, and the findings indicated that the concept of pulsed preheating is feasible with only a small amount of propellant consumption, while substantially decreasing the ignition duration from approximately 45 min to a maximum of just 3 min. Finally, similar ignition procedures were adopted using different fuels. The results showed that PVC and ABS, under the same operating conditions, ignite more easily than HDPE, which requires an oxidizer consumption approximately double that of the other two fuels. Considerations about the effect of chamber pressure and oxidizer mass flow rate on engine ignition were also included.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/11/11/884pulsed thrusterhydrogen peroxideignition of fuelsCubeSatsin-space fast maneuvers |
| spellingShingle | Sergio Cassese Stefano Mungiguerra Veniero Marco Capone Riccardo Guida Anselmo Cecere Raffaele Savino Fuel Ignition in HTP Hybrid Rockets at Very Low Mass Fluxes: Challenges and Pulsed Preheating Techniques Using Palladium-Coated Catalysts Aerospace pulsed thruster hydrogen peroxide ignition of fuels CubeSats in-space fast maneuvers |
| title | Fuel Ignition in HTP Hybrid Rockets at Very Low Mass Fluxes: Challenges and Pulsed Preheating Techniques Using Palladium-Coated Catalysts |
| title_full | Fuel Ignition in HTP Hybrid Rockets at Very Low Mass Fluxes: Challenges and Pulsed Preheating Techniques Using Palladium-Coated Catalysts |
| title_fullStr | Fuel Ignition in HTP Hybrid Rockets at Very Low Mass Fluxes: Challenges and Pulsed Preheating Techniques Using Palladium-Coated Catalysts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fuel Ignition in HTP Hybrid Rockets at Very Low Mass Fluxes: Challenges and Pulsed Preheating Techniques Using Palladium-Coated Catalysts |
| title_short | Fuel Ignition in HTP Hybrid Rockets at Very Low Mass Fluxes: Challenges and Pulsed Preheating Techniques Using Palladium-Coated Catalysts |
| title_sort | fuel ignition in htp hybrid rockets at very low mass fluxes challenges and pulsed preheating techniques using palladium coated catalysts |
| topic | pulsed thruster hydrogen peroxide ignition of fuels CubeSats in-space fast maneuvers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/11/11/884 |
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