Anatomical, functional, and blood-born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in French Bulldogs
Brachycephalic breeds suffer from respiratory distress known as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) and the multiple comorbidities associated with it. Targeted breeding toward a more BOAS-free phenotype requires accurate and least invasive detection of BOAS severity grades that are acc...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1486440/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841553916807872512 |
|---|---|
| author | Claudia Schmid Claudia Schmid Claudia Schmid Aline R. Steiner Léonie Spielhofer Léonie Spielhofer Meltem Galfetti Meltem Galfetti Nikki Rentsch Nikolay Bogdanov Johannes Vogel Regina Hofmann-Lehmann Regina Hofmann-Lehmann Sonja Hartnack Georgy Astakhov Reinhard Furrer Anna Bogdanova Anna Bogdanova Iris Margaret Reichler |
| author_facet | Claudia Schmid Claudia Schmid Claudia Schmid Aline R. Steiner Léonie Spielhofer Léonie Spielhofer Meltem Galfetti Meltem Galfetti Nikki Rentsch Nikolay Bogdanov Johannes Vogel Regina Hofmann-Lehmann Regina Hofmann-Lehmann Sonja Hartnack Georgy Astakhov Reinhard Furrer Anna Bogdanova Anna Bogdanova Iris Margaret Reichler |
| author_sort | Claudia Schmid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brachycephalic breeds suffer from respiratory distress known as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) and the multiple comorbidities associated with it. Targeted breeding toward a more BOAS-free phenotype requires accurate and least invasive detection of BOAS severity grades that are accessible and accepted by the breeders and kennel clubs. This study aimed to compare the-outcome of morphometric anatomical examination with functional tests such as exercise tests and plethysmography for the detection of BOAS severity in a group of 84 French Bulldogs. In addition, we investigated the possibility of assessing the severity of BOAS using blood parameters that were found to vary between the brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs in our previous study. We found the results of the trotting test to be most reliable compared to the outcome of respiratory performance assessment using plethysmography. Of all the candidate blood parameters tested, carboxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin levels were the most predictive as on-side but not self-standing indicators of BOAS severity grade. Aggravation of BOAS manifestation was associated with mild stress erythropoiesis and oxidative stress. Based on our findings, we suggest continuing to use the trotting test as the method of choice for the selection of breeding dogs; in questionable cases, a temperature increase of more than 0.4°C indicates at least grade 2. Furthermore, co-oximetry could be used as an additional test to enable assignment to one of the two BOAS grades in dispute. Among the limitations of this study are the focus on one breed and the low number of animals with severe clinical signs of BOAS in the study cohort. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b79cc11e7c284bdab5b31ca8e2b9ce45 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-b79cc11e7c284bdab5b31ca8e2b9ce452025-01-09T06:10:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-01-011110.3389/fvets.2024.14864401486440Anatomical, functional, and blood-born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in French BulldogsClaudia Schmid0Claudia Schmid1Claudia Schmid2Aline R. Steiner3Léonie Spielhofer4Léonie Spielhofer5Meltem Galfetti6Meltem Galfetti7Nikki Rentsch8Nikolay Bogdanov9Johannes Vogel10Regina Hofmann-Lehmann11Regina Hofmann-Lehmann12Sonja Hartnack13Georgy Astakhov14Reinhard Furrer15Anna Bogdanova16Anna Bogdanova17Iris Margaret Reichler18Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandTierarztpraxis Lauenen, Thun, SwitzerlandClinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandKleintierpraxis Seegarten AG, Schmerikon, SwitzerlandClinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandBessy’s Kleintierklinik, Regensdorf-Watt, SwitzerlandRed Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandRed Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandRed Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandCenter for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandSection of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandApplied Statistics Group, Department of Mathematical Modeling and Machine Learning, Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandApplied Statistics Group, Department of Mathematical Modeling and Machine Learning, Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandRed Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandCenter for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandBrachycephalic breeds suffer from respiratory distress known as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) and the multiple comorbidities associated with it. Targeted breeding toward a more BOAS-free phenotype requires accurate and least invasive detection of BOAS severity grades that are accessible and accepted by the breeders and kennel clubs. This study aimed to compare the-outcome of morphometric anatomical examination with functional tests such as exercise tests and plethysmography for the detection of BOAS severity in a group of 84 French Bulldogs. In addition, we investigated the possibility of assessing the severity of BOAS using blood parameters that were found to vary between the brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs in our previous study. We found the results of the trotting test to be most reliable compared to the outcome of respiratory performance assessment using plethysmography. Of all the candidate blood parameters tested, carboxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin levels were the most predictive as on-side but not self-standing indicators of BOAS severity grade. Aggravation of BOAS manifestation was associated with mild stress erythropoiesis and oxidative stress. Based on our findings, we suggest continuing to use the trotting test as the method of choice for the selection of breeding dogs; in questionable cases, a temperature increase of more than 0.4°C indicates at least grade 2. Furthermore, co-oximetry could be used as an additional test to enable assignment to one of the two BOAS grades in dispute. Among the limitations of this study are the focus on one breed and the low number of animals with severe clinical signs of BOAS in the study cohort.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1486440/fullbrachycephalybrachycephalic obstructive airway syndromeseverity gradingtrotting testanatomical conformationwhole body plethysmography |
| spellingShingle | Claudia Schmid Claudia Schmid Claudia Schmid Aline R. Steiner Léonie Spielhofer Léonie Spielhofer Meltem Galfetti Meltem Galfetti Nikki Rentsch Nikolay Bogdanov Johannes Vogel Regina Hofmann-Lehmann Regina Hofmann-Lehmann Sonja Hartnack Georgy Astakhov Reinhard Furrer Anna Bogdanova Anna Bogdanova Iris Margaret Reichler Anatomical, functional, and blood-born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in French Bulldogs Frontiers in Veterinary Science brachycephaly brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity grading trotting test anatomical conformation whole body plethysmography |
| title | Anatomical, functional, and blood-born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in French Bulldogs |
| title_full | Anatomical, functional, and blood-born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in French Bulldogs |
| title_fullStr | Anatomical, functional, and blood-born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in French Bulldogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomical, functional, and blood-born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in French Bulldogs |
| title_short | Anatomical, functional, and blood-born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in French Bulldogs |
| title_sort | anatomical functional and blood born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in french bulldogs |
| topic | brachycephaly brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity grading trotting test anatomical conformation whole body plethysmography |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1486440/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT claudiaschmid anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT claudiaschmid anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT claudiaschmid anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT alinersteiner anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT leoniespielhofer anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT leoniespielhofer anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT meltemgalfetti anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT meltemgalfetti anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT nikkirentsch anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT nikolaybogdanov anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT johannesvogel anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT reginahofmannlehmann anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT reginahofmannlehmann anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT sonjahartnack anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT georgyastakhov anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT reinhardfurrer anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT annabogdanova anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT annabogdanova anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs AT irismargaretreichler anatomicalfunctionalandbloodbornpredictorsofseverityofbrachycephalicobstructiveairwaysyndromeseverityinfrenchbulldogs |