Modelling and investigating memory immune responses in infectious disease. Application to influenza a virus and sars-cov-2 reinfections
Understanding effector and memory immune responses against influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and re-infections is extremely important, given that they are now endemic in the community. The goal of this study is to investigate the role...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Infectious Disease Modelling |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468042724001155 |
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| author | Mathilde Massard Bruno Saussereau Catherine Chirouze Quentin Lepiller Raluca Eftimie Antoine Perasso |
| author_facet | Mathilde Massard Bruno Saussereau Catherine Chirouze Quentin Lepiller Raluca Eftimie Antoine Perasso |
| author_sort | Mathilde Massard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding effector and memory immune responses against influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and re-infections is extremely important, given that they are now endemic in the community. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of memory cells and antibodies in the immune responses against IAV and SARS-CoV-2 re-infections. To this end, we adapt a previously-published within-host mathematical model (Sadria & Layton, 2021) for the primary immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infections, by including two types of memory immune cells, i.e., memory CD8+ T-cells and memory B-cells, and by parametrising the new model with values specific to the two viruses. We first investigate the long-term dynamics of the model by identifying the virus-free steady states and studying the conditions that ensure the stability of these states. Then, we investigate the transient dynamics of this in-host model by simulating different viral reinfection times: 20 days, 60 days and 400 days after the first encounter with the pathogen. This allows us to highlight which memory immune components have the greatest impact on the viral elimination depending on the time of reinfection. Our results suggest that memory immune responses have a greater impact in the case of IAV infections compared to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Moreover, we observe that the immune response after a secondary infection is more efficient when the reinfection occurs at a shorter time. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b73a0e74c1954b71bdbd121630dab2fd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2468-0427 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infectious Disease Modelling |
| spelling | doaj-art-b73a0e74c1954b71bdbd121630dab2fd2024-12-21T04:28:47ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Infectious Disease Modelling2468-04272025-03-01101163188Modelling and investigating memory immune responses in infectious disease. Application to influenza a virus and sars-cov-2 reinfectionsMathilde Massard0Bruno Saussereau1Catherine Chirouze2Quentin Lepiller3Raluca Eftimie4Antoine Perasso5Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, UMR-CNRS 6623, 16 route de GRAY, 25030, Besançon, France; Corresponding author.Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, UMR-CNRS 6623, 16 route de GRAY, 25030, Besançon, FranceLaboratoire Chrono-environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, UMR-CNRS 6249, 16 route de GRAY, 25030, Besançon, France; Centre-Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Boulevard A. Fleming, Besançon, FranceLaboratoire Chrono-environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, UMR-CNRS 6249, 16 route de GRAY, 25030, Besançon, France; Centre-Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Boulevard A. Fleming, Besançon, FranceLaboratoire de Mathématiques de Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, UMR-CNRS 6623, 16 route de GRAY, 25030, Besançon, FranceLaboratoire Chrono-environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, UMR-CNRS 6249, 16 route de GRAY, 25030, Besançon, FranceUnderstanding effector and memory immune responses against influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and re-infections is extremely important, given that they are now endemic in the community. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of memory cells and antibodies in the immune responses against IAV and SARS-CoV-2 re-infections. To this end, we adapt a previously-published within-host mathematical model (Sadria & Layton, 2021) for the primary immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infections, by including two types of memory immune cells, i.e., memory CD8+ T-cells and memory B-cells, and by parametrising the new model with values specific to the two viruses. We first investigate the long-term dynamics of the model by identifying the virus-free steady states and studying the conditions that ensure the stability of these states. Then, we investigate the transient dynamics of this in-host model by simulating different viral reinfection times: 20 days, 60 days and 400 days after the first encounter with the pathogen. This allows us to highlight which memory immune components have the greatest impact on the viral elimination depending on the time of reinfection. Our results suggest that memory immune responses have a greater impact in the case of IAV infections compared to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Moreover, we observe that the immune response after a secondary infection is more efficient when the reinfection occurs at a shorter time.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468042724001155Within-host modelImmunologyCovid-19SARS-CoV-2Influenza aMemory cells |
| spellingShingle | Mathilde Massard Bruno Saussereau Catherine Chirouze Quentin Lepiller Raluca Eftimie Antoine Perasso Modelling and investigating memory immune responses in infectious disease. Application to influenza a virus and sars-cov-2 reinfections Infectious Disease Modelling Within-host model Immunology Covid-19 SARS-CoV-2 Influenza a Memory cells |
| title | Modelling and investigating memory immune responses in infectious disease. Application to influenza a virus and sars-cov-2 reinfections |
| title_full | Modelling and investigating memory immune responses in infectious disease. Application to influenza a virus and sars-cov-2 reinfections |
| title_fullStr | Modelling and investigating memory immune responses in infectious disease. Application to influenza a virus and sars-cov-2 reinfections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling and investigating memory immune responses in infectious disease. Application to influenza a virus and sars-cov-2 reinfections |
| title_short | Modelling and investigating memory immune responses in infectious disease. Application to influenza a virus and sars-cov-2 reinfections |
| title_sort | modelling and investigating memory immune responses in infectious disease application to influenza a virus and sars cov 2 reinfections |
| topic | Within-host model Immunology Covid-19 SARS-CoV-2 Influenza a Memory cells |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468042724001155 |
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