Enhancing Facial Feature Detection: Hybrid Active Shape and Active Appearance Model (HASAAM)

Face landmarking is a primary goal of many projects that lead to face-preparing activities, like biometric recognition and mental state comprehension. Despite the inherent diversity of faces, the topic has proven to be extremely difficult due to a wide range of perplexing variables, such as position...

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Main Authors: Musab Iqtait, Jafar Ababneh, Mohammad Rasmi, Amer Abu-Jassar, Suhaila Abuowaida
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10766604/
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author Musab Iqtait
Jafar Ababneh
Mohammad Rasmi
Amer Abu-Jassar
Suhaila Abuowaida
author_facet Musab Iqtait
Jafar Ababneh
Mohammad Rasmi
Amer Abu-Jassar
Suhaila Abuowaida
author_sort Musab Iqtait
collection DOAJ
description Face landmarking is a primary goal of many projects that lead to face-preparing activities, like biometric recognition and mental state comprehension. Despite the inherent diversity of faces, the topic has proven to be extremely difficult due to a wide range of perplexing variables, such as position, expression, illumination, and occlusions. The aim of the HASAAM integrated fitting model is to find new solutions for the feature identification issue by combining the strengths of the Active Shape Model (ASM) and Active Appearance Model (AAM) to provide unique findings on the feature detection problem. In the first step, the ASM was used to identify the external shape landmarks of the face, and in the second stage, the AAM was used to identify the interior form landmarks. Then, the two kinds of landmarks are combined to generate the full face landmark. One issue with ASM is that it can’t produce an optimal global result since it will unavoidably converge to neighborhood minima. Nonetheless, ASM produces precise fitting results for the face’s exterior features, which need essential gradient values. In order to prevent AAM from fitting in order to address the local minima problem, ASM was used to identify these exterior landmarks of the face. The trials were run using the MORPH and LFPW datasets, which are available to the general public. In comparison to other techniques like ASM and AAM, the proposed hybrid model experiment result demonstrated effectiveness in extracting facial features with error rates of 2.2628% for the LFPW database and 2.7174% for the MORPH database. This better result helps to compensate for variations in shape and texture. The suggested hybrid method may be expanded to recognize gender, estimate head posture, estimate gaze, find facial feature points in the presence of significant pose fluctuations, and detect facial expressions.
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issn 2169-3536
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spelling doaj-art-b6861902bc6c4fd5ac1c4bf061c5d5372024-12-20T00:01:17ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-011218959018961010.1109/ACCESS.2024.350553610766604Enhancing Facial Feature Detection: Hybrid Active Shape and Active Appearance Model (HASAAM)Musab Iqtait0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-5657Jafar Ababneh1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-2688Mohammad Rasmi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5176-0910Amer Abu-Jassar3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-9810Suhaila Abuowaida4Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa, JordanDepartment of Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa, JordanDepartment of Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa, JordanCollege of Computer Sciences and Informatic, Amman Arab University, Amman, JordanDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdallah II for IT, Al al-Bayt University, Al-Mafraq, JordanFace landmarking is a primary goal of many projects that lead to face-preparing activities, like biometric recognition and mental state comprehension. Despite the inherent diversity of faces, the topic has proven to be extremely difficult due to a wide range of perplexing variables, such as position, expression, illumination, and occlusions. The aim of the HASAAM integrated fitting model is to find new solutions for the feature identification issue by combining the strengths of the Active Shape Model (ASM) and Active Appearance Model (AAM) to provide unique findings on the feature detection problem. In the first step, the ASM was used to identify the external shape landmarks of the face, and in the second stage, the AAM was used to identify the interior form landmarks. Then, the two kinds of landmarks are combined to generate the full face landmark. One issue with ASM is that it can’t produce an optimal global result since it will unavoidably converge to neighborhood minima. Nonetheless, ASM produces precise fitting results for the face’s exterior features, which need essential gradient values. In order to prevent AAM from fitting in order to address the local minima problem, ASM was used to identify these exterior landmarks of the face. The trials were run using the MORPH and LFPW datasets, which are available to the general public. In comparison to other techniques like ASM and AAM, the proposed hybrid model experiment result demonstrated effectiveness in extracting facial features with error rates of 2.2628% for the LFPW database and 2.7174% for the MORPH database. This better result helps to compensate for variations in shape and texture. The suggested hybrid method may be expanded to recognize gender, estimate head posture, estimate gaze, find facial feature points in the presence of significant pose fluctuations, and detect facial expressions.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10766604/Facial featuresface recognitionfeatures extractionactive appearance model (AAM)active shape model (ASM)
spellingShingle Musab Iqtait
Jafar Ababneh
Mohammad Rasmi
Amer Abu-Jassar
Suhaila Abuowaida
Enhancing Facial Feature Detection: Hybrid Active Shape and Active Appearance Model (HASAAM)
IEEE Access
Facial features
face recognition
features extraction
active appearance model (AAM)
active shape model (ASM)
title Enhancing Facial Feature Detection: Hybrid Active Shape and Active Appearance Model (HASAAM)
title_full Enhancing Facial Feature Detection: Hybrid Active Shape and Active Appearance Model (HASAAM)
title_fullStr Enhancing Facial Feature Detection: Hybrid Active Shape and Active Appearance Model (HASAAM)
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Facial Feature Detection: Hybrid Active Shape and Active Appearance Model (HASAAM)
title_short Enhancing Facial Feature Detection: Hybrid Active Shape and Active Appearance Model (HASAAM)
title_sort enhancing facial feature detection hybrid active shape and active appearance model hasaam
topic Facial features
face recognition
features extraction
active appearance model (AAM)
active shape model (ASM)
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10766604/
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AT mohammadrasmi enhancingfacialfeaturedetectionhybridactiveshapeandactiveappearancemodelhasaam
AT amerabujassar enhancingfacialfeaturedetectionhybridactiveshapeandactiveappearancemodelhasaam
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