Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review
<b>Background and clinical significance:</b> Viral infections are typically considered contributing or secondary factors in the development of breast cancer. <b>Case presentation</b>: This case report presents three instances of advanced breast cancer associated with triple v...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/51 |
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| author | Ashraf I. Khasawneh Nisreen Himsawi Mohammed Alorjani Hadeel Al-Momani Uruk Shahin Ashraf Sammour Tareq Saleh Hafez Al-Momani Rame Khasawneh Sofian Al Shboul |
| author_facet | Ashraf I. Khasawneh Nisreen Himsawi Mohammed Alorjani Hadeel Al-Momani Uruk Shahin Ashraf Sammour Tareq Saleh Hafez Al-Momani Rame Khasawneh Sofian Al Shboul |
| author_sort | Ashraf I. Khasawneh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background and clinical significance:</b> Viral infections are typically considered contributing or secondary factors in the development of breast cancer. <b>Case presentation</b>: This case report presents three instances of advanced breast cancer associated with triple viral infections. Case 1 involves a 78-year-old woman diagnosed with grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma positive for HPV-18, CMV, and BLV. Case 2 describes a 39-year-old woman with grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for HPV-16, CMV, and BLV. Case 3 is a 52-year-old woman with grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for HPV-16, BLV, and MMTV. These cases suggest a possible correlation between viral co-infections and breast cancer aggressiveness, posing new questions about the role of viral infections in cancer development and prognosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings contribute to growing evidence that viral infections may influence the progression and therapeutic response of breast cancer, warranting further investigation into targeted preventive measures including vaccinations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6764e1964744449990149cd7964516c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6764e1964744449990149cd7964516c2025-01-10T13:16:34ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-12-011515110.3390/diagnostics15010051Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature ReviewAshraf I. Khasawneh0Nisreen Himsawi1Mohammed Alorjani2Hadeel Al-Momani3Uruk Shahin4Ashraf Sammour5Tareq Saleh6Hafez Al-Momani7Rame Khasawneh8Sofian Al Shboul9Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanDepartment of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Anatomy, Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanKing Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan<b>Background and clinical significance:</b> Viral infections are typically considered contributing or secondary factors in the development of breast cancer. <b>Case presentation</b>: This case report presents three instances of advanced breast cancer associated with triple viral infections. Case 1 involves a 78-year-old woman diagnosed with grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma positive for HPV-18, CMV, and BLV. Case 2 describes a 39-year-old woman with grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for HPV-16, CMV, and BLV. Case 3 is a 52-year-old woman with grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for HPV-16, BLV, and MMTV. These cases suggest a possible correlation between viral co-infections and breast cancer aggressiveness, posing new questions about the role of viral infections in cancer development and prognosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings contribute to growing evidence that viral infections may influence the progression and therapeutic response of breast cancer, warranting further investigation into targeted preventive measures including vaccinations.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/51breast cancerRT-PCRJordanCMVBLVMMTV |
| spellingShingle | Ashraf I. Khasawneh Nisreen Himsawi Mohammed Alorjani Hadeel Al-Momani Uruk Shahin Ashraf Sammour Tareq Saleh Hafez Al-Momani Rame Khasawneh Sofian Al Shboul Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review Diagnostics breast cancer RT-PCR Jordan CMV BLV MMTV |
| title | Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review |
| title_full | Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review |
| title_short | Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review |
| title_sort | triple viral infections in advanced breast cancer insights from a three case report and literature review |
| topic | breast cancer RT-PCR Jordan CMV BLV MMTV |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/51 |
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