Preclinic evaluation of the safety of potential anticovid-19 phytomedicine: SAYE PLUS impacts on Wistar rat biochemical and histopathological parameters in sub-chronic toxicity study

Abstract Although considered safe and widely used, some natural remedies are responsible for health ailments to their users that deserve to be investigated. SAYE PLUS is one of the most widely used traditional recipes as antimalaria for decades and recently against Covid-19 in Burkina Faso and beyon...

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Main Authors: Joël Ouédraogo, Sylvain Ilboudo, Geoffroy Gueswindé Ouédraogo, Gaétan Donzèo Somda, Barthélemy Bonogo, Virginie Dakuyo, Salfo Ouédraogo, Raïnatou Boly, Mathieu Nitiéma, Dofini Réné Magnini, Rasmané Semdé, Sylvin Ouédraogo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-025-00973-5
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author Joël Ouédraogo
Sylvain Ilboudo
Geoffroy Gueswindé Ouédraogo
Gaétan Donzèo Somda
Barthélemy Bonogo
Virginie Dakuyo
Salfo Ouédraogo
Raïnatou Boly
Mathieu Nitiéma
Dofini Réné Magnini
Rasmané Semdé
Sylvin Ouédraogo
author_facet Joël Ouédraogo
Sylvain Ilboudo
Geoffroy Gueswindé Ouédraogo
Gaétan Donzèo Somda
Barthélemy Bonogo
Virginie Dakuyo
Salfo Ouédraogo
Raïnatou Boly
Mathieu Nitiéma
Dofini Réné Magnini
Rasmané Semdé
Sylvin Ouédraogo
author_sort Joël Ouédraogo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Although considered safe and widely used, some natural remedies are responsible for health ailments to their users that deserve to be investigated. SAYE PLUS is one of the most widely used traditional recipes as antimalaria for decades and recently against Covid-19 in Burkina Faso and beyond, and is commonly regarded as safe to use. In the present study, sub-chronic toxicity tests were performed orally in Wistar rats at daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days, following the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The results revealed neither symptoms of toxicity nor mortality. Depending on the dose, time frame, or animal sex, compared with the control, SAYE PLUS powder caused a statistically significant reduction in the water and food consumption of the treated rats. Significantly increases in serum creatinine, total protein, hydrogen phosphate ion (PO4 2), and potassium ion (K+) levels were detected in females at all doses. Compared to control values, the male rats’ glucose decreased while its PO4 2- increased significantly at the daily dose of 1000 mg/kg of SAYE PLUS. Histopathological analysis revealed that the rat heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen histostructure were unaffected by sub-chronic exposure to SAYE PLUS up to 1000 mg/kg/d. The Findings provide some scientific information on the toxicological profile of the phytomedicine SAYE PLUS when administered in repeated doses for 90 days. However, they are limited by the absence of analysis of the animals’ hematological parameters. Nevertheless, results show that for patient safety, it is not advisable to use SAYE PLUS for more than two consecutive weeks. Furthermore, herbal remedies need careful evaluation before or during their human use, especially when a new form of use other than the traditional one is proposed. Further long-term studies focusing on the hematological parameters and certain kidney and liver functional indicators will add the scientific merit and interest of the present work.
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spelling doaj-art-b605018ec6c64a669c93ffeec7e6d81b2025-08-20T04:03:11ZengBMCBMC Pharmacology and Toxicology2050-65112025-07-0126111210.1186/s40360-025-00973-5Preclinic evaluation of the safety of potential anticovid-19 phytomedicine: SAYE PLUS impacts on Wistar rat biochemical and histopathological parameters in sub-chronic toxicity studyJoël Ouédraogo0Sylvain Ilboudo1Geoffroy Gueswindé Ouédraogo2Gaétan Donzèo Somda3Barthélemy Bonogo4Virginie Dakuyo5Salfo Ouédraogo6Raïnatou Boly7Mathieu Nitiéma8Dofini Réné Magnini9Rasmané Semdé10Sylvin Ouédraogo11Département de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéDépartement de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéDépartement de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéDépartement de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéDépartement de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéLaboratoires PHYTOFLADépartement de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéDépartement de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéDépartement de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéDépartement de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéLaboratoire de Développement du Médicament, Université Joseph KI-ZERBODépartement de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéAbstract Although considered safe and widely used, some natural remedies are responsible for health ailments to their users that deserve to be investigated. SAYE PLUS is one of the most widely used traditional recipes as antimalaria for decades and recently against Covid-19 in Burkina Faso and beyond, and is commonly regarded as safe to use. In the present study, sub-chronic toxicity tests were performed orally in Wistar rats at daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days, following the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The results revealed neither symptoms of toxicity nor mortality. Depending on the dose, time frame, or animal sex, compared with the control, SAYE PLUS powder caused a statistically significant reduction in the water and food consumption of the treated rats. Significantly increases in serum creatinine, total protein, hydrogen phosphate ion (PO4 2), and potassium ion (K+) levels were detected in females at all doses. Compared to control values, the male rats’ glucose decreased while its PO4 2- increased significantly at the daily dose of 1000 mg/kg of SAYE PLUS. Histopathological analysis revealed that the rat heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen histostructure were unaffected by sub-chronic exposure to SAYE PLUS up to 1000 mg/kg/d. The Findings provide some scientific information on the toxicological profile of the phytomedicine SAYE PLUS when administered in repeated doses for 90 days. However, they are limited by the absence of analysis of the animals’ hematological parameters. Nevertheless, results show that for patient safety, it is not advisable to use SAYE PLUS for more than two consecutive weeks. Furthermore, herbal remedies need careful evaluation before or during their human use, especially when a new form of use other than the traditional one is proposed. Further long-term studies focusing on the hematological parameters and certain kidney and liver functional indicators will add the scientific merit and interest of the present work.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-025-00973-5MalariaPhytomedicineSub-chronic toxicitySAYE PLUSBiochemical parametersBurkinaFaso
spellingShingle Joël Ouédraogo
Sylvain Ilboudo
Geoffroy Gueswindé Ouédraogo
Gaétan Donzèo Somda
Barthélemy Bonogo
Virginie Dakuyo
Salfo Ouédraogo
Raïnatou Boly
Mathieu Nitiéma
Dofini Réné Magnini
Rasmané Semdé
Sylvin Ouédraogo
Preclinic evaluation of the safety of potential anticovid-19 phytomedicine: SAYE PLUS impacts on Wistar rat biochemical and histopathological parameters in sub-chronic toxicity study
BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Malaria
Phytomedicine
Sub-chronic toxicity
SAYE PLUS
Biochemical parameters
BurkinaFaso
title Preclinic evaluation of the safety of potential anticovid-19 phytomedicine: SAYE PLUS impacts on Wistar rat biochemical and histopathological parameters in sub-chronic toxicity study
title_full Preclinic evaluation of the safety of potential anticovid-19 phytomedicine: SAYE PLUS impacts on Wistar rat biochemical and histopathological parameters in sub-chronic toxicity study
title_fullStr Preclinic evaluation of the safety of potential anticovid-19 phytomedicine: SAYE PLUS impacts on Wistar rat biochemical and histopathological parameters in sub-chronic toxicity study
title_full_unstemmed Preclinic evaluation of the safety of potential anticovid-19 phytomedicine: SAYE PLUS impacts on Wistar rat biochemical and histopathological parameters in sub-chronic toxicity study
title_short Preclinic evaluation of the safety of potential anticovid-19 phytomedicine: SAYE PLUS impacts on Wistar rat biochemical and histopathological parameters in sub-chronic toxicity study
title_sort preclinic evaluation of the safety of potential anticovid 19 phytomedicine saye plus impacts on wistar rat biochemical and histopathological parameters in sub chronic toxicity study
topic Malaria
Phytomedicine
Sub-chronic toxicity
SAYE PLUS
Biochemical parameters
BurkinaFaso
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-025-00973-5
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