Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant Algebras

We study quantum many-body scars (QMBS) in the language of commutant algebras, which are defined as symmetry algebras of families of local Hamiltonians. This framework explains the origin of dynamically disconnected subspaces seen in models with exact QMBS, i.e., the large “thermal” subspace and the...

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Main Authors: Sanjay Moudgalya, Olexei I. Motrunich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2024-12-01
Series:Physical Review X
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.041069
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author Sanjay Moudgalya
Olexei I. Motrunich
author_facet Sanjay Moudgalya
Olexei I. Motrunich
author_sort Sanjay Moudgalya
collection DOAJ
description We study quantum many-body scars (QMBS) in the language of commutant algebras, which are defined as symmetry algebras of families of local Hamiltonians. This framework explains the origin of dynamically disconnected subspaces seen in models with exact QMBS, i.e., the large “thermal” subspace and the small “nonthermal” subspace, which are attributed to the existence of unconventional nonlocal conserved quantities in the commutant; hence, it unifies the study of conventional symmetries and weak ergodicity-breaking phenomena into a single framework. Furthermore, this language enables us to use the von Neumann double commutant theorem to formally write down the exhaustive algebra of all Hamiltonians with a desired set of QMBS, which demonstrates that QMBS survive under large classes of local perturbations. We illustrate this using several standard examples of QMBS, including the spin-1/2 ferromagnetic, AKLT, spin-1 XY π-bimagnon, and the electronic η-pairing towers of states; in each of these cases, we explicitly write down a set of generators for the full algebra of Hamiltonians with these QMBS. Understanding this hidden structure in QMBS Hamiltonians also allows us to recover results of previous “brute-force” numerical searches for such Hamiltonians. In addition, this language clearly demonstrates the equivalence of several unified formalisms for QMBS proposed in the literature and also illustrates the connection between two apparently distinct classes of QMBS Hamiltonians—those that are captured by the so-called Shiraishi-Mori construction and those that lie beyond. Finally, we show that this framework motivates a precise definition for QMBS that automatically implies that they violate the conventional eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and we discuss its implications to dynamics.
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spelling doaj-art-b55d3ba1d32f483b891c2559ff2636322024-12-26T15:31:25ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review X2160-33082024-12-0114404106910.1103/PhysRevX.14.041069Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant AlgebrasSanjay MoudgalyaOlexei I. MotrunichWe study quantum many-body scars (QMBS) in the language of commutant algebras, which are defined as symmetry algebras of families of local Hamiltonians. This framework explains the origin of dynamically disconnected subspaces seen in models with exact QMBS, i.e., the large “thermal” subspace and the small “nonthermal” subspace, which are attributed to the existence of unconventional nonlocal conserved quantities in the commutant; hence, it unifies the study of conventional symmetries and weak ergodicity-breaking phenomena into a single framework. Furthermore, this language enables us to use the von Neumann double commutant theorem to formally write down the exhaustive algebra of all Hamiltonians with a desired set of QMBS, which demonstrates that QMBS survive under large classes of local perturbations. We illustrate this using several standard examples of QMBS, including the spin-1/2 ferromagnetic, AKLT, spin-1 XY π-bimagnon, and the electronic η-pairing towers of states; in each of these cases, we explicitly write down a set of generators for the full algebra of Hamiltonians with these QMBS. Understanding this hidden structure in QMBS Hamiltonians also allows us to recover results of previous “brute-force” numerical searches for such Hamiltonians. In addition, this language clearly demonstrates the equivalence of several unified formalisms for QMBS proposed in the literature and also illustrates the connection between two apparently distinct classes of QMBS Hamiltonians—those that are captured by the so-called Shiraishi-Mori construction and those that lie beyond. Finally, we show that this framework motivates a precise definition for QMBS that automatically implies that they violate the conventional eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and we discuss its implications to dynamics.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.041069
spellingShingle Sanjay Moudgalya
Olexei I. Motrunich
Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant Algebras
Physical Review X
title Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant Algebras
title_full Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant Algebras
title_fullStr Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant Algebras
title_full_unstemmed Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant Algebras
title_short Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant Algebras
title_sort exhaustive characterization of quantum many body scars using commutant algebras
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.041069
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