Removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology: Efficiency and influencing factors
Most industries are responsible for environmental pollution because their wastewater contains heavy metals that are hazardous. These metals tend to persist indefinitely in the environment, compromising not only human health but also the well-being of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to an...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Cleaner Engineering and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790825000023 |
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| author | Fernando García Ávila Janneth Cabrera-Sumba Sandra Valdez-Pilataxi Jessica Villalta-Chungata Lorgio Valdiviezo-Gonzales Cecilia Alegria-Arnedo |
| author_facet | Fernando García Ávila Janneth Cabrera-Sumba Sandra Valdez-Pilataxi Jessica Villalta-Chungata Lorgio Valdiviezo-Gonzales Cecilia Alegria-Arnedo |
| author_sort | Fernando García Ávila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most industries are responsible for environmental pollution because their wastewater contains heavy metals that are hazardous. These metals tend to persist indefinitely in the environment, compromising not only human health but also the well-being of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to analyze the adsorption technology for removing heavy metals in industrial wastewater, evaluating influencing factors, adsorbent materials, applied isotherms and their advantages, through a systematic review of the scientific literature of the last 10 years. To conduct this research, the Scopus digital database was consulted. The search was conducted using a systematic review methodology and the PICO framework to identify, analyze, and interpret data on adsorption technology, factors influencing adsorption, the efficiency of different materials used as adsorbents, and the advantages and disadvantages of adsorption isotherms. To filter the information, the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were followed, which allowed the articles to be selected to answer the research questions posed in this study. Based on the results, it was found that the factors influencing the adsorption of heavy metals include pH (range of 3–9), contact time (range of 10–14,400 min), adsorbent dosage (0.011–20 g/L), temperature (25–30 °C), particle size, and agitation speed (100–800 ppm). Among the most efficient adsorbents are acacia cellulose lignin with 99.8% Cr, bentonite clay with 99% Cu, 96% Cd, and 99% Pb, modified sugarcane bagasse with 96.9% Cu, and activated carbon with 82.8% Cr at pH 3. The least efficient adsorbents are natural moss (54.5% Cr) and biochar from corn husks (20% Cr). The Freundlich isotherm model is the most used, and it can vary depending on the type of adsorbent, the correlation coefficient fit, and the type of heavy metal being treated. Finally, the advantages and limitations of some adsorbents are presented, primarily highlighting their low costs, reusability, and the sustainability they can offer in reducing environmental pollution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b547f59e13a4439bbf611ce6dacf9fec |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-7908 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cleaner Engineering and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b547f59e13a4439bbf611ce6dacf9fec2025-01-14T04:12:39ZengElsevierCleaner Engineering and Technology2666-79082025-02-0124100879Removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology: Efficiency and influencing factorsFernando García Ávila0Janneth Cabrera-Sumba1Sandra Valdez-Pilataxi2Jessica Villalta-Chungata3Lorgio Valdiviezo-Gonzales4Cecilia Alegria-Arnedo5Universidad de Cuenca, Chemical Sciences Faculty, Cuenca, Ecuador; Environmental Risk Assessment Group in Production and Services Systems (RISKEN), Universidad de Cuenca, EcuadorUniversidad de Cuenca, Chemical Sciences Faculty, Cuenca, EcuadorUniversidad de Cuenca, Chemical Sciences Faculty, Cuenca, EcuadorUniversidad de Cuenca, Chemical Sciences Faculty, Cuenca, EcuadorUniversidad Tecnológica del Perú, Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial, Lima, Peru; Corresponding author.Departamento Académico de Química, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, PeruMost industries are responsible for environmental pollution because their wastewater contains heavy metals that are hazardous. These metals tend to persist indefinitely in the environment, compromising not only human health but also the well-being of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to analyze the adsorption technology for removing heavy metals in industrial wastewater, evaluating influencing factors, adsorbent materials, applied isotherms and their advantages, through a systematic review of the scientific literature of the last 10 years. To conduct this research, the Scopus digital database was consulted. The search was conducted using a systematic review methodology and the PICO framework to identify, analyze, and interpret data on adsorption technology, factors influencing adsorption, the efficiency of different materials used as adsorbents, and the advantages and disadvantages of adsorption isotherms. To filter the information, the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were followed, which allowed the articles to be selected to answer the research questions posed in this study. Based on the results, it was found that the factors influencing the adsorption of heavy metals include pH (range of 3–9), contact time (range of 10–14,400 min), adsorbent dosage (0.011–20 g/L), temperature (25–30 °C), particle size, and agitation speed (100–800 ppm). Among the most efficient adsorbents are acacia cellulose lignin with 99.8% Cr, bentonite clay with 99% Cu, 96% Cd, and 99% Pb, modified sugarcane bagasse with 96.9% Cu, and activated carbon with 82.8% Cr at pH 3. The least efficient adsorbents are natural moss (54.5% Cr) and biochar from corn husks (20% Cr). The Freundlich isotherm model is the most used, and it can vary depending on the type of adsorbent, the correlation coefficient fit, and the type of heavy metal being treated. Finally, the advantages and limitations of some adsorbents are presented, primarily highlighting their low costs, reusability, and the sustainability they can offer in reducing environmental pollution.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790825000023Industrial wastewaterAdsorptionIsothermHeavy metal removalFreundlichLangmuir |
| spellingShingle | Fernando García Ávila Janneth Cabrera-Sumba Sandra Valdez-Pilataxi Jessica Villalta-Chungata Lorgio Valdiviezo-Gonzales Cecilia Alegria-Arnedo Removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology: Efficiency and influencing factors Cleaner Engineering and Technology Industrial wastewater Adsorption Isotherm Heavy metal removal Freundlich Langmuir |
| title | Removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology: Efficiency and influencing factors |
| title_full | Removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology: Efficiency and influencing factors |
| title_fullStr | Removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology: Efficiency and influencing factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology: Efficiency and influencing factors |
| title_short | Removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology: Efficiency and influencing factors |
| title_sort | removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology efficiency and influencing factors |
| topic | Industrial wastewater Adsorption Isotherm Heavy metal removal Freundlich Langmuir |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790825000023 |
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