Effect of a Community-Based Program on Preschoolers’ Physical Activity and Nutrition in Chile

<b>Introduction:</b> Childhood obesity has reached critical levels in Chile, particularly among preschoolers from low-income families who face barriers to nutritious food and physical activity. Early interventions are essential to mitigate long-term health risks. This study evaluates the...

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Main Authors: Gabriela Salazar, Fabian Vasquez, Margarita Andrade, Maria del Pilar Rodriguez, Rocio Berlanga, Juanita Rojas, Antonio Giadalah, Alvaro Muñoz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/1/93
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Summary:<b>Introduction:</b> Childhood obesity has reached critical levels in Chile, particularly among preschoolers from low-income families who face barriers to nutritious food and physical activity. Early interventions are essential to mitigate long-term health risks. This study evaluates the Chile Active Intervention, a community-based program promoting physical activity and healthy eating among preschoolers attending public daycare centers in Antofagasta, Santiago, and Temuco. <b>Objective:</b> To assess the effectiveness of a structured intervention in improving physical activity levels, dietary habits, and obesity-related risk factors in children aged 3 to 5 years old. <b>Methods:</b> A quasi-experimental design was implemented with intervention and control groups, including 1204 children from public daycare centers. The intervention-comprised educator training on healthy eating structured physical activity sessions tailored for young children and family engagement through “Healthy Days” events. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured anthropometric variables, body composition, physical activity, and dietary intake. <b>Results:</b> The intervention led to positive changes in weight-for-height Z-scores, body fat percentage, and skinfold thickness, particularly among high-risk children. Physical activity assessments showed reduced sedentary time and increased active play. Dietary improvements included higher fruit and vegetable consumption and reduced ultra-processed food intake. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study demonstrates that early, community-based interventions can effectively improve health behaviors in preschoolers. The program’s scalability across Chile is promising, with parental involvement and institutional support being key to sustaining impact. Long-term evaluations are recommended to assess its lasting effects on childhood health outcomes.
ISSN:2411-5142