Supervised Toothbrushing and Silver Diamine Fluoride Application of Rohingya Children in a Refugee Camp in Bangladesh

Introduction and aims: Previous studies have highlighted the high burden of oral diseases in refugee camps, but there are few robustly evaluated school-based oral health programmes in these settings. The objective of this study was to pilot a school-based toothbrushing, handwashing, and silver diami...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Khaleda Zaheer, Tahmina Zerin, James Coughlan, Shuvashis Saha, Elsa Delgado-Angulo, Elham Kateeb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:International Dental Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653925002163
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849337667971448832
author Khaleda Zaheer
Tahmina Zerin
James Coughlan
Shuvashis Saha
Elsa Delgado-Angulo
Elham Kateeb
author_facet Khaleda Zaheer
Tahmina Zerin
James Coughlan
Shuvashis Saha
Elsa Delgado-Angulo
Elham Kateeb
author_sort Khaleda Zaheer
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and aims: Previous studies have highlighted the high burden of oral diseases in refugee camps, but there are few robustly evaluated school-based oral health programmes in these settings. The objective of this study was to pilot a school-based toothbrushing, handwashing, and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application in a refugee camp in Bangladesh. It hosts the world’s largest number of refugees with over 1 million Rohingya from Myanmar. Methods: A prospective cohort study that consisted of a multipronged oral health intervention: supervised daily toothbrushing, handwashing, and SDF application of active caries in the primary and permanent dentition. Clinical examination of the children and child and parental questionnaires were completed at baseline and the 6-month follow-up. Results: A total of 176 children were assessed at baseline, with a follow-up rate of 87.5%. The number of children reporting regular toothbrushing and handwashing significantly increased between baseline and 6-month follow-up, with a corresponding fall in plaque and bleeding scores. There was a 54.3% caries arrest rate in teeth where SDF was applied. Conclusion: Supervised toothbrushing and SDF application in learning centres in refugee camps can improve the oral health of refugee children and instil healthy hygiene habits. Further research is warranted to robustly assess the long-term impact of this intervention and scalability across humanitarian settings. Clinical Relevance: In the absence of accessible oral health care in refugee camps, low-resource oral health interventions can safeguard oral health and instil healthy hygiene habits from a young age.
format Article
id doaj-art-b475a9b320dc4d75ab2ee2fecc8f11a2
institution Kabale University
issn 0020-6539
language English
publishDate 2025-10-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series International Dental Journal
spelling doaj-art-b475a9b320dc4d75ab2ee2fecc8f11a22025-08-20T03:44:36ZengElsevierInternational Dental Journal0020-65392025-10-0175510092910.1016/j.identj.2025.100929Supervised Toothbrushing and Silver Diamine Fluoride Application of Rohingya Children in a Refugee Camp in BangladeshKhaleda Zaheer0Tahmina Zerin1James Coughlan2Shuvashis Saha3Elsa Delgado-Angulo4Elham Kateeb5Refugee Crisis Foundation, London, UK; Corresponding author. Refugee Crisis Foundation, 105 Moss Lane, London M33 5BU, UK.Refugee Crisis Foundation, Cox’s Bazar, BangladeshHealth Organisation, Policy and Economics Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKRefugee Crisis Foundation, Cox’s Bazar, BangladeshDental Public Health Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK; Departamento Académico de Odontología Social, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PeruOral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine; FDI World Dental Federation, Public Health Committee, Geneva, SwitzerlandIntroduction and aims: Previous studies have highlighted the high burden of oral diseases in refugee camps, but there are few robustly evaluated school-based oral health programmes in these settings. The objective of this study was to pilot a school-based toothbrushing, handwashing, and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application in a refugee camp in Bangladesh. It hosts the world’s largest number of refugees with over 1 million Rohingya from Myanmar. Methods: A prospective cohort study that consisted of a multipronged oral health intervention: supervised daily toothbrushing, handwashing, and SDF application of active caries in the primary and permanent dentition. Clinical examination of the children and child and parental questionnaires were completed at baseline and the 6-month follow-up. Results: A total of 176 children were assessed at baseline, with a follow-up rate of 87.5%. The number of children reporting regular toothbrushing and handwashing significantly increased between baseline and 6-month follow-up, with a corresponding fall in plaque and bleeding scores. There was a 54.3% caries arrest rate in teeth where SDF was applied. Conclusion: Supervised toothbrushing and SDF application in learning centres in refugee camps can improve the oral health of refugee children and instil healthy hygiene habits. Further research is warranted to robustly assess the long-term impact of this intervention and scalability across humanitarian settings. Clinical Relevance: In the absence of accessible oral health care in refugee camps, low-resource oral health interventions can safeguard oral health and instil healthy hygiene habits from a young age.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653925002163Oral healthRefugeesRefugee campsDental health surveys
spellingShingle Khaleda Zaheer
Tahmina Zerin
James Coughlan
Shuvashis Saha
Elsa Delgado-Angulo
Elham Kateeb
Supervised Toothbrushing and Silver Diamine Fluoride Application of Rohingya Children in a Refugee Camp in Bangladesh
International Dental Journal
Oral health
Refugees
Refugee camps
Dental health surveys
title Supervised Toothbrushing and Silver Diamine Fluoride Application of Rohingya Children in a Refugee Camp in Bangladesh
title_full Supervised Toothbrushing and Silver Diamine Fluoride Application of Rohingya Children in a Refugee Camp in Bangladesh
title_fullStr Supervised Toothbrushing and Silver Diamine Fluoride Application of Rohingya Children in a Refugee Camp in Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Supervised Toothbrushing and Silver Diamine Fluoride Application of Rohingya Children in a Refugee Camp in Bangladesh
title_short Supervised Toothbrushing and Silver Diamine Fluoride Application of Rohingya Children in a Refugee Camp in Bangladesh
title_sort supervised toothbrushing and silver diamine fluoride application of rohingya children in a refugee camp in bangladesh
topic Oral health
Refugees
Refugee camps
Dental health surveys
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653925002163
work_keys_str_mv AT khaledazaheer supervisedtoothbrushingandsilverdiaminefluorideapplicationofrohingyachildreninarefugeecampinbangladesh
AT tahminazerin supervisedtoothbrushingandsilverdiaminefluorideapplicationofrohingyachildreninarefugeecampinbangladesh
AT jamescoughlan supervisedtoothbrushingandsilverdiaminefluorideapplicationofrohingyachildreninarefugeecampinbangladesh
AT shuvashissaha supervisedtoothbrushingandsilverdiaminefluorideapplicationofrohingyachildreninarefugeecampinbangladesh
AT elsadelgadoangulo supervisedtoothbrushingandsilverdiaminefluorideapplicationofrohingyachildreninarefugeecampinbangladesh
AT elhamkateeb supervisedtoothbrushingandsilverdiaminefluorideapplicationofrohingyachildreninarefugeecampinbangladesh