Acidic Stress Induces Cytosolic Free Calcium Oscillation, and an Appropriate Low pH Helps Maintain the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis
Acidic stress is a formidable environmental factor that exerts adverse effects on plant growth and development, ultimately leading to a potential reduction in agricultural productivity. A low pH triggers Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx across the plasma membrane (PM), eliciting distinct responses...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Wei Chen Jing Xu Jia Chen Jun-Feng Wang Shu Zhang Zhen-Ming Pei |
| author_facet | Wei Chen Jing Xu Jia Chen Jun-Feng Wang Shu Zhang Zhen-Ming Pei |
| author_sort | Wei Chen |
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| description | Acidic stress is a formidable environmental factor that exerts adverse effects on plant growth and development, ultimately leading to a potential reduction in agricultural productivity. A low pH triggers Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx across the plasma membrane (PM), eliciting distinct responses under various acidic pH levels. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Arabidopsis plant cells generate stimulus-specific Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals in response to acidic stress remain largely unexplored. The experimentally induced stimulus may elicit spikes in cytosolic free Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>) spikes or complex [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> oscillations that persist for 20 min over a long-term of 24 h or even several days within the plant cytosol and chloroplast. This study investigated the increase in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> under a gradient of low pH stress ranging from pH 3.0 to 6.0. Notably, the peak of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> elevation was lower at pH 4.0 than at pH 3.0 during the initial 8 h, while other pH levels did not significantly increase [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> compared to low acidic stress conditions. Lanthanum chloride (LaCl<sub>3</sub>) can effectively suppress the influx of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> from the apoplastic to the cytoplasm in plants under acid stress, with no discernible difference in intracellular calcium levels observed in Arabidopsis. Following 8 h of acid treatment in the darkness, the intracellular baseline Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels in Arabidopsis were significantly elevated when exposed to low pH stress. A moderately low pH, specifically 4.0, may function as a spatial-temporal input into the circadian clock system. These findings suggest that acid stimulation can exert a continuous influence on intracellular calcium levels, as well as plant growth and development. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-b458098cd8b745dca3d3f9cbc53ea4a52024-11-08T14:39:39ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-11-011321310710.3390/plants13213107Acidic Stress Induces Cytosolic Free Calcium Oscillation, and an Appropriate Low pH Helps Maintain the Circadian Clock in ArabidopsisWei Chen0Jing Xu1Jia Chen2Jun-Feng Wang3Shu Zhang4Zhen-Ming Pei5College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaCenter on Plant Environmental Sensing, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, ChinaCenter on Plant Environmental Sensing, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAAcidic stress is a formidable environmental factor that exerts adverse effects on plant growth and development, ultimately leading to a potential reduction in agricultural productivity. A low pH triggers Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx across the plasma membrane (PM), eliciting distinct responses under various acidic pH levels. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Arabidopsis plant cells generate stimulus-specific Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals in response to acidic stress remain largely unexplored. The experimentally induced stimulus may elicit spikes in cytosolic free Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>) spikes or complex [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> oscillations that persist for 20 min over a long-term of 24 h or even several days within the plant cytosol and chloroplast. This study investigated the increase in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> under a gradient of low pH stress ranging from pH 3.0 to 6.0. Notably, the peak of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> elevation was lower at pH 4.0 than at pH 3.0 during the initial 8 h, while other pH levels did not significantly increase [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> compared to low acidic stress conditions. Lanthanum chloride (LaCl<sub>3</sub>) can effectively suppress the influx of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> from the apoplastic to the cytoplasm in plants under acid stress, with no discernible difference in intracellular calcium levels observed in Arabidopsis. Following 8 h of acid treatment in the darkness, the intracellular baseline Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels in Arabidopsis were significantly elevated when exposed to low pH stress. A moderately low pH, specifically 4.0, may function as a spatial-temporal input into the circadian clock system. These findings suggest that acid stimulation can exert a continuous influence on intracellular calcium levels, as well as plant growth and development.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/21/3107<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>calcium imagingaequorincalcium signalingbasal cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> levelacid stress |
| spellingShingle | Wei Chen Jing Xu Jia Chen Jun-Feng Wang Shu Zhang Zhen-Ming Pei Acidic Stress Induces Cytosolic Free Calcium Oscillation, and an Appropriate Low pH Helps Maintain the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis Plants <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> calcium imaging aequorin calcium signaling basal cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> level acid stress |
| title | Acidic Stress Induces Cytosolic Free Calcium Oscillation, and an Appropriate Low pH Helps Maintain the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | Acidic Stress Induces Cytosolic Free Calcium Oscillation, and an Appropriate Low pH Helps Maintain the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | Acidic Stress Induces Cytosolic Free Calcium Oscillation, and an Appropriate Low pH Helps Maintain the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acidic Stress Induces Cytosolic Free Calcium Oscillation, and an Appropriate Low pH Helps Maintain the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | Acidic Stress Induces Cytosolic Free Calcium Oscillation, and an Appropriate Low pH Helps Maintain the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | acidic stress induces cytosolic free calcium oscillation and an appropriate low ph helps maintain the circadian clock in arabidopsis |
| topic | <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> calcium imaging aequorin calcium signaling basal cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> level acid stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/21/3107 |
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