Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Aeroponically Grown Cape Gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) with LED Lights and <i>In Vitro</i> Habituated Roots
Green mold caused by <i>Penicillium digitatum</i> is a major post-harvest disease in citrus fruits. Therefore, the search for sustainable and low-environmental-impact alternatives for the management of these fungi is of utmost importance. <i>Physalis peruviana</i> L. is a nat...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Daniel Eduardo Avila-Avila Martha Alicia Rodríguez-Mendiola Carlos Arias-Castro Laura Isabel Arias-Rodríguez Martin Eduardo Avila-Miranda Norma Alejandra Mancilla-Margalli |
| author_facet | Daniel Eduardo Avila-Avila Martha Alicia Rodríguez-Mendiola Carlos Arias-Castro Laura Isabel Arias-Rodríguez Martin Eduardo Avila-Miranda Norma Alejandra Mancilla-Margalli |
| author_sort | Daniel Eduardo Avila-Avila |
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| description | Green mold caused by <i>Penicillium digitatum</i> is a major post-harvest disease in citrus fruits. Therefore, the search for sustainable and low-environmental-impact alternatives for the management of these fungi is of utmost importance. <i>Physalis peruviana</i> L. is a native fruit of the Peruvian Andes with rich bioactive components present throughout the plant. Its antifungal activity stands out, attributed to its high content of phenols, coupled with its antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Plants were cultivated aeroponically under a combination of red, mixed (50% red, 50% blue), and green LED lights. Additionally, <i>in vitro</i>-habituated roots free of plant growth regulators were also cultivated. An ethanol extraction assisted by ultrasound for 30 min followed by maceration for 72 h was performed, and the extract was filtrated and evaporated in an extraction hood. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, total polyphenols were measured using the Folin–Ciocâlteu method, and an antifungal test in vitro by the poisoned food method was conducted against <i>P. digitatum</i>. <i>In vitro</i> assays revealed that extracts from leaves, roots, and fruits exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of <i>P. digitatum</i>, as evidenced by a reduction in colony radius when cultured employing the poisoned food method, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 62.17, 53.15, and 286.34 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, compared to 2297 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup> for the commercial fungicide Captan 50WP. Although leaves had higher total polyphenol content, no direct correlation with antifungal activity was found. Colored LEDs enhanced phenol accumulation, antioxidant capacity, and antifungal properties in plant parts compared to white LEDs and in vitro roots. These findings suggest <i>P. peruviana</i> as a new alternative biological production system to provide natural compounds for post-harvest disease management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b3108a3082c549d69fddcf2440a9b10f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-b3108a3082c549d69fddcf2440a9b10f2024-12-27T14:48:00ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011324358610.3390/plants13243586Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Aeroponically Grown Cape Gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) with LED Lights and <i>In Vitro</i> Habituated RootsDaniel Eduardo Avila-Avila0Martha Alicia Rodríguez-Mendiola1Carlos Arias-Castro2Laura Isabel Arias-Rodríguez3Martin Eduardo Avila-Miranda4Norma Alejandra Mancilla-Margalli5Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, National Technological Institute of Mexico, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45640, MexicoPlant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, National Technological Institute of Mexico, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45640, MexicoPlant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, National Technological Institute of Mexico, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45640, MexicoSmart Biotechnology S.A. de C.V., Santa Anita, Tlaquepaque 45600, MexicoPlant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, National Technological Institute of Mexico, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45640, MexicoPlant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, National Technological Institute of Mexico, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45640, MexicoGreen mold caused by <i>Penicillium digitatum</i> is a major post-harvest disease in citrus fruits. Therefore, the search for sustainable and low-environmental-impact alternatives for the management of these fungi is of utmost importance. <i>Physalis peruviana</i> L. is a native fruit of the Peruvian Andes with rich bioactive components present throughout the plant. Its antifungal activity stands out, attributed to its high content of phenols, coupled with its antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Plants were cultivated aeroponically under a combination of red, mixed (50% red, 50% blue), and green LED lights. Additionally, <i>in vitro</i>-habituated roots free of plant growth regulators were also cultivated. An ethanol extraction assisted by ultrasound for 30 min followed by maceration for 72 h was performed, and the extract was filtrated and evaporated in an extraction hood. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, total polyphenols were measured using the Folin–Ciocâlteu method, and an antifungal test in vitro by the poisoned food method was conducted against <i>P. digitatum</i>. <i>In vitro</i> assays revealed that extracts from leaves, roots, and fruits exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of <i>P. digitatum</i>, as evidenced by a reduction in colony radius when cultured employing the poisoned food method, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 62.17, 53.15, and 286.34 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, compared to 2297 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup> for the commercial fungicide Captan 50WP. Although leaves had higher total polyphenol content, no direct correlation with antifungal activity was found. Colored LEDs enhanced phenol accumulation, antioxidant capacity, and antifungal properties in plant parts compared to white LEDs and in vitro roots. These findings suggest <i>P. peruviana</i> as a new alternative biological production system to provide natural compounds for post-harvest disease management.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/24/3586antifungal activityCape gooseberryindoor farming |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Eduardo Avila-Avila Martha Alicia Rodríguez-Mendiola Carlos Arias-Castro Laura Isabel Arias-Rodríguez Martin Eduardo Avila-Miranda Norma Alejandra Mancilla-Margalli Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Aeroponically Grown Cape Gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) with LED Lights and <i>In Vitro</i> Habituated Roots Plants antifungal activity Cape gooseberry indoor farming |
| title | Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Aeroponically Grown Cape Gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) with LED Lights and <i>In Vitro</i> Habituated Roots |
| title_full | Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Aeroponically Grown Cape Gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) with LED Lights and <i>In Vitro</i> Habituated Roots |
| title_fullStr | Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Aeroponically Grown Cape Gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) with LED Lights and <i>In Vitro</i> Habituated Roots |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Aeroponically Grown Cape Gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) with LED Lights and <i>In Vitro</i> Habituated Roots |
| title_short | Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Aeroponically Grown Cape Gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) with LED Lights and <i>In Vitro</i> Habituated Roots |
| title_sort | antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts from aeroponically grown cape gooseberry i physalis peruviana i l with led lights and i in vitro i habituated roots |
| topic | antifungal activity Cape gooseberry indoor farming |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/24/3586 |
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