Is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis? A multicentric prospective study

Abstract Background Meglumine antimoniate is used to treat canine leishmaniosis. In humans, it has been associated with pancreatitis. Although a few case reports have described acute pancreatitis secondary to antimonial treatment in dogs, some studies have concluded that pancreatitis is not an adver...

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Main Authors: Clàudia Viñeta, Jorge Castro, María Cristina López, Maria Frau, Antón Costas, Carolina Arenas, Xavier Roura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:Parasites & Vectors
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06617-7
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author Clàudia Viñeta
Jorge Castro
María Cristina López
Maria Frau
Antón Costas
Carolina Arenas
Xavier Roura
author_facet Clàudia Viñeta
Jorge Castro
María Cristina López
Maria Frau
Antón Costas
Carolina Arenas
Xavier Roura
author_sort Clàudia Viñeta
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Meglumine antimoniate is used to treat canine leishmaniosis. In humans, it has been associated with pancreatitis. Although a few case reports have described acute pancreatitis secondary to antimonial treatment in dogs, some studies have concluded that pancreatitis is not an adverse effect of this medication. The objective was to evaluate whether treatment with meglumine antimoniate could induce pancreatitis in dogs with leishmaniosis, on the basis of clinical signs, canine serum specific quantitative pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentration, and ultrasonographic abnormalities. Methods A prospective, observational, longitudinal, and multicentric study was conducted from April 2021 through February 2023. Results A total of 33 dogs with leishmaniosis were included and classified into LeishVet clinical stages; 13 (39.4%) were included in stage II, 11 (33.3%) in stage III, and 9 in stage IV (27.3%). and 14 (42.4%) developed pancreatitis, 10 during treatment with meglumine antimoniate, and 4 at the end of the treatment. Advanced LeishVet clinical stage was statistically associated with development of pancreatitis. In addition, nine dogs received prednisone at the beginning of treatment, but it was not statistically associated with the prevention of pancreatitis. Conclusions Meglumine antimoniate remains the first line leishmanicidal treatment option for canine leishmaniosis, but it appears to induce pancreatitis in a significant percentage of dogs. Monitoring serum cPLI levels and performing an abdominal ultrasound should be considered when pancreatitis-associated clinical signs are observed, or when there is a high suspicion of circulating immune complexes in dogs with advanced LeishVet clinical stage. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-b2d8cce8e16e40f7884cf9a64a09899b2024-12-29T12:11:50ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052024-12-0117111810.1186/s13071-024-06617-7Is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis? A multicentric prospective studyClàudia Viñeta0Jorge Castro1María Cristina López2Maria Frau3Antón Costas4Carolina Arenas5Xavier Roura6Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaAniCura Valencia Sur Hospital VeterinarioHospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaHospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaAniCura Valencia Sur Hospital VeterinarioAniCura Valencia Sur Hospital VeterinarioHospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaAbstract Background Meglumine antimoniate is used to treat canine leishmaniosis. In humans, it has been associated with pancreatitis. Although a few case reports have described acute pancreatitis secondary to antimonial treatment in dogs, some studies have concluded that pancreatitis is not an adverse effect of this medication. The objective was to evaluate whether treatment with meglumine antimoniate could induce pancreatitis in dogs with leishmaniosis, on the basis of clinical signs, canine serum specific quantitative pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentration, and ultrasonographic abnormalities. Methods A prospective, observational, longitudinal, and multicentric study was conducted from April 2021 through February 2023. Results A total of 33 dogs with leishmaniosis were included and classified into LeishVet clinical stages; 13 (39.4%) were included in stage II, 11 (33.3%) in stage III, and 9 in stage IV (27.3%). and 14 (42.4%) developed pancreatitis, 10 during treatment with meglumine antimoniate, and 4 at the end of the treatment. Advanced LeishVet clinical stage was statistically associated with development of pancreatitis. In addition, nine dogs received prednisone at the beginning of treatment, but it was not statistically associated with the prevention of pancreatitis. Conclusions Meglumine antimoniate remains the first line leishmanicidal treatment option for canine leishmaniosis, but it appears to induce pancreatitis in a significant percentage of dogs. Monitoring serum cPLI levels and performing an abdominal ultrasound should be considered when pancreatitis-associated clinical signs are observed, or when there is a high suspicion of circulating immune complexes in dogs with advanced LeishVet clinical stage. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06617-7PancreasLeishmaniaDogAntimonials
spellingShingle Clàudia Viñeta
Jorge Castro
María Cristina López
Maria Frau
Antón Costas
Carolina Arenas
Xavier Roura
Is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis? A multicentric prospective study
Parasites & Vectors
Pancreas
Leishmania
Dog
Antimonials
title Is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis? A multicentric prospective study
title_full Is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis? A multicentric prospective study
title_fullStr Is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis? A multicentric prospective study
title_full_unstemmed Is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis? A multicentric prospective study
title_short Is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis? A multicentric prospective study
title_sort is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis a multicentric prospective study
topic Pancreas
Leishmania
Dog
Antimonials
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06617-7
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