Development and preliminary validation of the visual method ‘3D emotion composition’ for evaluating emotional experience in depression

Background: Self-reported measures of emotional experience typically rely on verbal recall, which can be challenging for individuals with depression due to difficulties in emotion differentiation and verbal expression. The 3D Emotion Composition (3DEC) method was developed as a visual, tangible, spa...

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Main Authors: Inese Paiča, Kristīne Mārtinsone, Māris Taube
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Acta Psychologica
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825003555
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author Inese Paiča
Kristīne Mārtinsone
Māris Taube
author_facet Inese Paiča
Kristīne Mārtinsone
Māris Taube
author_sort Inese Paiča
collection DOAJ
description Background: Self-reported measures of emotional experience typically rely on verbal recall, which can be challenging for individuals with depression due to difficulties in emotion differentiation and verbal expression. The 3D Emotion Composition (3DEC) method was developed as a visual, tangible, spatial, and interactive tool to facilitate emotion representation through physical objects. This study aimed to develop and preliminarily validate 3DEC as an alternative method for assessing emotional experience in individuals with depression. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: (1) development and face validity assessment through expert review and participant feedback, and (2) preliminary validity testing. The 3DEC method was tested for face validity in individuals with and without depression. In the validation phase, 90 participants (45 diagnosed with depression, 45 controls) completed 3DEC and the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) to assess convergent validity. Known-group validity was examined by comparing 3DEC results between groups. Results: 3DEC showed moderate-to-strong correlations with ERSQ emotion scales (r = 0.30–0.62, p < .001), supporting convergent validity. Known-group comparisons indicated significant differences between patients and controls, with individuals with depression reporting higher sadness, fear, and guilt, and lower joy and interest (p < .001). Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence for the validity of 3DEC as a visual, tangible, and interactive tool for assessing emotional experience in individuals with depression. By capturing aspects of emotional intensity, frequency, and regulation beyond traditional self-report measures, 3DEC may offer valuable insights into emotional processing. Future studies should evaluate its test-retest reliability, sensitivity to therapeutic change, and potential applications in clinical interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-b27b9b6787ff4be58c31bb55fb37b6d02025-08-20T03:49:17ZengElsevierActa Psychologica0001-69182025-06-0125610504210.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105042Development and preliminary validation of the visual method ‘3D emotion composition’ for evaluating emotional experience in depressionInese Paiča0Kristīne Mārtinsone1Māris Taube2Rīga Stradiņš University Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy, Latvia; National Centre of Mental Health, Latvia; Corresponding author at: 16 Dzirciema Street, Riga, LV-1007, Rīga Stradiņš University, LatviaRīga Stradiņš University Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy, LatviaRīga Stradiņš University Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Latvia; National Centre of Mental Health, LatviaBackground: Self-reported measures of emotional experience typically rely on verbal recall, which can be challenging for individuals with depression due to difficulties in emotion differentiation and verbal expression. The 3D Emotion Composition (3DEC) method was developed as a visual, tangible, spatial, and interactive tool to facilitate emotion representation through physical objects. This study aimed to develop and preliminarily validate 3DEC as an alternative method for assessing emotional experience in individuals with depression. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: (1) development and face validity assessment through expert review and participant feedback, and (2) preliminary validity testing. The 3DEC method was tested for face validity in individuals with and without depression. In the validation phase, 90 participants (45 diagnosed with depression, 45 controls) completed 3DEC and the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) to assess convergent validity. Known-group validity was examined by comparing 3DEC results between groups. Results: 3DEC showed moderate-to-strong correlations with ERSQ emotion scales (r = 0.30–0.62, p < .001), supporting convergent validity. Known-group comparisons indicated significant differences between patients and controls, with individuals with depression reporting higher sadness, fear, and guilt, and lower joy and interest (p < .001). Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence for the validity of 3DEC as a visual, tangible, and interactive tool for assessing emotional experience in individuals with depression. By capturing aspects of emotional intensity, frequency, and regulation beyond traditional self-report measures, 3DEC may offer valuable insights into emotional processing. Future studies should evaluate its test-retest reliability, sensitivity to therapeutic change, and potential applications in clinical interventions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825003555Emotion assessment3D emotion compositionDepressionEmotion regulationVisual methodsInteractive methods
spellingShingle Inese Paiča
Kristīne Mārtinsone
Māris Taube
Development and preliminary validation of the visual method ‘3D emotion composition’ for evaluating emotional experience in depression
Acta Psychologica
Emotion assessment
3D emotion composition
Depression
Emotion regulation
Visual methods
Interactive methods
title Development and preliminary validation of the visual method ‘3D emotion composition’ for evaluating emotional experience in depression
title_full Development and preliminary validation of the visual method ‘3D emotion composition’ for evaluating emotional experience in depression
title_fullStr Development and preliminary validation of the visual method ‘3D emotion composition’ for evaluating emotional experience in depression
title_full_unstemmed Development and preliminary validation of the visual method ‘3D emotion composition’ for evaluating emotional experience in depression
title_short Development and preliminary validation of the visual method ‘3D emotion composition’ for evaluating emotional experience in depression
title_sort development and preliminary validation of the visual method 3d emotion composition for evaluating emotional experience in depression
topic Emotion assessment
3D emotion composition
Depression
Emotion regulation
Visual methods
Interactive methods
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825003555
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