The impact of dehydration and extremely low HCl values in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid-winter on ozone loss in spring
<p>Simulations of Antarctic chlorine and ozone chemistry in previous work show that in the core of the Antarctic vortex (16–18 km, 85–55 hPa, 390–430 K) HCl null cycles (initiated by reactions of Cl with <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> and &...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/12557/2024/acp-24-12557-2024.pdf |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846168128554270720 |
|---|---|
| author | Y. Zhang-Liu R. Müller R. Müller J.-U. Grooß J.-U. Grooß S. Robrecht S. Robrecht B. Vogel B. Vogel A. M. Zafar A. M. Zafar R. Lehmann |
| author_facet | Y. Zhang-Liu R. Müller R. Müller J.-U. Grooß J.-U. Grooß S. Robrecht S. Robrecht B. Vogel B. Vogel A. M. Zafar A. M. Zafar R. Lehmann |
| author_sort | Y. Zhang-Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Simulations of Antarctic chlorine and ozone chemistry in previous work show that in the core of the Antarctic vortex (16–18 km, 85–55 hPa, 390–430 K) HCl null cycles (initiated by reactions of Cl with <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> and <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>2</sub>O</span>) are effective. These HCl null cycles cause both HCl molar mixing ratios to remain very low throughout Antarctic winter and spring. They cause ozone-destroying chlorine (<span class="inline-formula">ClO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>) to remain enhanced so that rapid ozone depletion proceeds. Here we investigate the impact of the observed dehydration in Antarctica, which strongly reduces ice formation and the uptake of <span class="inline-formula">HNO<sub>3</sub></span> from the gas phase; however the efficacy of HCl null cycles is not affected. Moreover, also when using the observed very low HCl molar mixing ratios in Antarctic winter as an initial value, HCl null cycles are efficient in maintaining low HCl (and high <span class="inline-formula">ClO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>) throughout winter and spring. Further, the reaction <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+ClO</span> is important for the efficacy of the HCl null cycle initiated by the reaction <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub>+Cl</span>. Using the current kinetic recommendations instead of earlier ones has very little impact on the simulations. All simulations presented here for the core of the Antarctic vortex show extremely low minimum ozone values (below 50 ppb) in late September to early October in agreement with observations.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b0facf1f0b714a2c95b1b26a17bfe5d6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-b0facf1f0b714a2c95b1b26a17bfe5d62024-11-14T08:34:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242024-11-0124125571257410.5194/acp-24-12557-2024The impact of dehydration and extremely low HCl values in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid-winter on ozone loss in springY. Zhang-Liu0R. Müller1R. Müller2J.-U. Grooß3J.-U. Grooß4S. Robrecht5S. Robrecht6B. Vogel7B. Vogel8A. M. Zafar9A. M. Zafar10R. Lehmann11Institute of Climate and Energy Systems: Stratosphere (ICE-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyInstitute of Climate and Energy Systems: Stratosphere (ICE-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyCentre for Advanced Simulation and Analytics (CASA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jüich, GermanyInstitute of Climate and Energy Systems: Stratosphere (ICE-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyCentre for Advanced Simulation and Analytics (CASA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jüich, GermanyInstitute of Climate and Energy Systems: Stratosphere (ICE-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyKlima und Umwelt, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, GermanyInstitute of Climate and Energy Systems: Stratosphere (ICE-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyCentre for Advanced Simulation and Analytics (CASA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jüich, GermanyInstitute of Climate and Energy Systems: Stratosphere (ICE-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyBiotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesAlfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany<p>Simulations of Antarctic chlorine and ozone chemistry in previous work show that in the core of the Antarctic vortex (16–18 km, 85–55 hPa, 390–430 K) HCl null cycles (initiated by reactions of Cl with <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> and <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>2</sub>O</span>) are effective. These HCl null cycles cause both HCl molar mixing ratios to remain very low throughout Antarctic winter and spring. They cause ozone-destroying chlorine (<span class="inline-formula">ClO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>) to remain enhanced so that rapid ozone depletion proceeds. Here we investigate the impact of the observed dehydration in Antarctica, which strongly reduces ice formation and the uptake of <span class="inline-formula">HNO<sub>3</sub></span> from the gas phase; however the efficacy of HCl null cycles is not affected. Moreover, also when using the observed very low HCl molar mixing ratios in Antarctic winter as an initial value, HCl null cycles are efficient in maintaining low HCl (and high <span class="inline-formula">ClO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>) throughout winter and spring. Further, the reaction <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+ClO</span> is important for the efficacy of the HCl null cycle initiated by the reaction <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub>+Cl</span>. Using the current kinetic recommendations instead of earlier ones has very little impact on the simulations. All simulations presented here for the core of the Antarctic vortex show extremely low minimum ozone values (below 50 ppb) in late September to early October in agreement with observations.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/12557/2024/acp-24-12557-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Y. Zhang-Liu R. Müller R. Müller J.-U. Grooß J.-U. Grooß S. Robrecht S. Robrecht B. Vogel B. Vogel A. M. Zafar A. M. Zafar R. Lehmann The impact of dehydration and extremely low HCl values in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid-winter on ozone loss in spring Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | The impact of dehydration and extremely low HCl values in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid-winter on ozone loss in spring |
| title_full | The impact of dehydration and extremely low HCl values in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid-winter on ozone loss in spring |
| title_fullStr | The impact of dehydration and extremely low HCl values in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid-winter on ozone loss in spring |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of dehydration and extremely low HCl values in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid-winter on ozone loss in spring |
| title_short | The impact of dehydration and extremely low HCl values in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid-winter on ozone loss in spring |
| title_sort | impact of dehydration and extremely low hcl values in the antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid winter on ozone loss in spring |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/12557/2024/acp-24-12557-2024.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yzhangliu theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT rmuller theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT rmuller theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT jugrooß theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT jugrooß theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT srobrecht theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT srobrecht theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT bvogel theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT bvogel theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT amzafar theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT amzafar theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT rlehmann theimpactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT yzhangliu impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT rmuller impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT rmuller impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT jugrooß impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT jugrooß impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT srobrecht impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT srobrecht impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT bvogel impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT bvogel impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT amzafar impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT amzafar impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring AT rlehmann impactofdehydrationandextremelylowhclvaluesintheantarcticstratosphericvortexinmidwinteronozonelossinspring |