Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Arterial hypertension (HT) is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, often contributing to prolonged lengths of hospital stay (LOHS), which place significant strain on healthcare systems. This study aimed to analyze the factors associa...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Stanisław Surma Michał Czapla Izabella Uchmanowicz Raúl Juárez-Vela Łukasz Pietrzykowski Bartosz Uchmanowicz Marcin Leśkiewicz Krzysztof Griesmann Michał Burzyński Jacek Smereka Łukasz Lewandowski |
| author_facet | Stanisław Surma Michał Czapla Izabella Uchmanowicz Raúl Juárez-Vela Łukasz Pietrzykowski Bartosz Uchmanowicz Marcin Leśkiewicz Krzysztof Griesmann Michał Burzyński Jacek Smereka Łukasz Lewandowski |
| author_sort | Stanisław Surma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Arterial hypertension (HT) is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, often contributing to prolonged lengths of hospital stay (LOHS), which place significant strain on healthcare systems. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with prolonged lengths of hospital stay in patients with HT, focusing on key biochemical and clinical predictors. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study included 356 adult patients hospitalized in the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, between January 2017 and June 2021. Data collected included demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and laboratory parameters. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of prolonged LOHS, defined as four or more days, and to evaluate interactions between variables. <b>Results</b>: Lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and elevated concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were identified as significant predictors of prolonged LOHS, with each 1 mg/dL decrease in LDL-c increasing the odds of prolonged LOHS by 1.21% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and each 1 mg/L increase in hsCRP raising the odds by 3.80% (<i>p</i> = 0.004). An interaction between sex and heart failure (HF) was also observed. Female patients with HF had 3.995-fold higher odds of prolonged LOHS compared to females without HF (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while no significant difference was found among male patients with or without HF (<i>p</i> = 0.890). <b>Conclusions</b>: The predictors of prolonged LOHS in patients with HT include lower levels of LDL-c, elevated hsCRP, and the interaction between sex and heart failure (HF). Specifically, female patients with HF demonstrated significantly higher odds of prolonged LOHS compared to females without HF, while this relationship was not observed in male patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b0943846a7c24c08b7ca90f63e3f337c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2039-439X 2039-4403 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nursing Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-b0943846a7c24c08b7ca90f63e3f337c2025-08-20T03:43:14ZengMDPI AGNursing Reports2039-439X2039-44032025-03-0115311010.3390/nursrep15030110Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and InteractionsStanisław Surma0Michał Czapla1Izabella Uchmanowicz2Raúl Juárez-Vela3Łukasz Pietrzykowski4Bartosz Uchmanowicz5Marcin Leśkiewicz6Krzysztof Griesmann7Michał Burzyński8Jacek Smereka9Łukasz Lewandowski10Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, PolandGroup of Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, SpainDepartment of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Promotion, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Arterial hypertension (HT) is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, often contributing to prolonged lengths of hospital stay (LOHS), which place significant strain on healthcare systems. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with prolonged lengths of hospital stay in patients with HT, focusing on key biochemical and clinical predictors. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study included 356 adult patients hospitalized in the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, between January 2017 and June 2021. Data collected included demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and laboratory parameters. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of prolonged LOHS, defined as four or more days, and to evaluate interactions between variables. <b>Results</b>: Lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and elevated concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were identified as significant predictors of prolonged LOHS, with each 1 mg/dL decrease in LDL-c increasing the odds of prolonged LOHS by 1.21% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and each 1 mg/L increase in hsCRP raising the odds by 3.80% (<i>p</i> = 0.004). An interaction between sex and heart failure (HF) was also observed. Female patients with HF had 3.995-fold higher odds of prolonged LOHS compared to females without HF (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while no significant difference was found among male patients with or without HF (<i>p</i> = 0.890). <b>Conclusions</b>: The predictors of prolonged LOHS in patients with HT include lower levels of LDL-c, elevated hsCRP, and the interaction between sex and heart failure (HF). Specifically, female patients with HF demonstrated significantly higher odds of prolonged LOHS compared to females without HF, while this relationship was not observed in male patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/15/3/110hypertensionlength of hospital staycardiovascular risk factors |
| spellingShingle | Stanisław Surma Michał Czapla Izabella Uchmanowicz Raúl Juárez-Vela Łukasz Pietrzykowski Bartosz Uchmanowicz Marcin Leśkiewicz Krzysztof Griesmann Michał Burzyński Jacek Smereka Łukasz Lewandowski Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions Nursing Reports hypertension length of hospital stay cardiovascular risk factors |
| title | Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions |
| title_full | Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions |
| title_fullStr | Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions |
| title_short | Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions |
| title_sort | prolonged hospital stay in hypertensive patients retrospective analysis of risk factors and interactions |
| topic | hypertension length of hospital stay cardiovascular risk factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/15/3/110 |
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