Quinoxaline as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid: Kinetics, statistical, and theoretical investigations

In the present work, quinoxaline (0.002 M) as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1.5 M HNO3 has been investigated at different temperatures. Weight loss, regression, and density functional theory (DFT) were used in the experimental, mathematical, and quantum chemical studies, respectively. Experime...

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Main Authors: Adiba A. Mahmmod, Anees A. Khadom, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum, A. Alamiery
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424002305
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author Adiba A. Mahmmod
Anees A. Khadom
Abdul Amir H. Kadhum
A. Alamiery
author_facet Adiba A. Mahmmod
Anees A. Khadom
Abdul Amir H. Kadhum
A. Alamiery
author_sort Adiba A. Mahmmod
collection DOAJ
description In the present work, quinoxaline (0.002 M) as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1.5 M HNO3 has been investigated at different temperatures. Weight loss, regression, and density functional theory (DFT) were used in the experimental, mathematical, and quantum chemical studies, respectively. Experimental studies show that the corrosion rate of copper increases with temperature, according to the Arrhenius equation. On the other hand, the percentage of inhibitor efficiency increased as temperature decreased, approaching a maximum value of 91 % at 25 °C. Kinetic studies showed that the corrosion reaction was zero-order. Corrosion rate data was fitted to a second-order mathematical model with a 0.974 correlation coefficient. The effect of inhibitor concentration on the corrosion rate was studied at low and high levels of temperature. The corrosion rate decreases with an increase in an increase in inhibitor concentration. The adsorption on the copper surface was spontaneous and followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The theoretical quantum chemical calculation was used to support the experimental study. These calculations showed that the inhibitor molecules were the donors of electrons, while the metal surface was the acceptor. In addition, Mulliken charge data showed that the negative charges of quinoxaline are mainly concentrated on the nitrogen and carbon atoms. On the other hand, all hydrogen atoms have positive charges. This indicates a lack of hydrogen bond formation with the copper surface. This extensive study not only confirms quinoxaline’s efficacy as a corrosion inhibitor but also advances our knowledge of how it interacts with copper, opening the way to the creation of more focused and effective corrosion inhibitors that follow the rules of molecular design.
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spelling doaj-art-b000c2b6a4bd4bdeb69c1bfa0eea299f2024-12-02T05:05:45ZengElsevierCase Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering2666-01642024-12-0110100836Quinoxaline as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid: Kinetics, statistical, and theoretical investigationsAdiba A. Mahmmod0Anees A. Khadom1Abdul Amir H. Kadhum2A. Alamiery3Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baquba City, 32001, Daiyla Governorate, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baquba City, 32001, Daiyla Governorate, Iraq; Corresponding author.University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, IraqEnergy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, P.O. Box:43600, Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaIn the present work, quinoxaline (0.002 M) as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1.5 M HNO3 has been investigated at different temperatures. Weight loss, regression, and density functional theory (DFT) were used in the experimental, mathematical, and quantum chemical studies, respectively. Experimental studies show that the corrosion rate of copper increases with temperature, according to the Arrhenius equation. On the other hand, the percentage of inhibitor efficiency increased as temperature decreased, approaching a maximum value of 91 % at 25 °C. Kinetic studies showed that the corrosion reaction was zero-order. Corrosion rate data was fitted to a second-order mathematical model with a 0.974 correlation coefficient. The effect of inhibitor concentration on the corrosion rate was studied at low and high levels of temperature. The corrosion rate decreases with an increase in an increase in inhibitor concentration. The adsorption on the copper surface was spontaneous and followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The theoretical quantum chemical calculation was used to support the experimental study. These calculations showed that the inhibitor molecules were the donors of electrons, while the metal surface was the acceptor. In addition, Mulliken charge data showed that the negative charges of quinoxaline are mainly concentrated on the nitrogen and carbon atoms. On the other hand, all hydrogen atoms have positive charges. This indicates a lack of hydrogen bond formation with the copper surface. This extensive study not only confirms quinoxaline’s efficacy as a corrosion inhibitor but also advances our knowledge of how it interacts with copper, opening the way to the creation of more focused and effective corrosion inhibitors that follow the rules of molecular design.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424002305Corrosion kineticsOrganic inhibitorNitric acidCopperRegressionDensity function theory
spellingShingle Adiba A. Mahmmod
Anees A. Khadom
Abdul Amir H. Kadhum
A. Alamiery
Quinoxaline as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid: Kinetics, statistical, and theoretical investigations
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Corrosion kinetics
Organic inhibitor
Nitric acid
Copper
Regression
Density function theory
title Quinoxaline as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid: Kinetics, statistical, and theoretical investigations
title_full Quinoxaline as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid: Kinetics, statistical, and theoretical investigations
title_fullStr Quinoxaline as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid: Kinetics, statistical, and theoretical investigations
title_full_unstemmed Quinoxaline as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid: Kinetics, statistical, and theoretical investigations
title_short Quinoxaline as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid: Kinetics, statistical, and theoretical investigations
title_sort quinoxaline as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid kinetics statistical and theoretical investigations
topic Corrosion kinetics
Organic inhibitor
Nitric acid
Copper
Regression
Density function theory
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424002305
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AT abdulamirhkadhum quinoxalineasacorrosioninhibitorforcopperinnitricacidkineticsstatisticalandtheoreticalinvestigations
AT aalamiery quinoxalineasacorrosioninhibitorforcopperinnitricacidkineticsstatisticalandtheoreticalinvestigations