<i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>, a globally recognized obligate intracellular bacterium. In addition to dogs, other animals, including humans, may be affected. Despite its epidemiological importance and impact on public health...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| author | Bruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro Raiany Borges Duarte Zara Mariana de Assis-Silva Ana Paula Carvalho Gomes Yasodaja Assis Silva Lizandra Fernandes-Silva Alice Caroline da Silva Rocha Iago de Sá Moraes Klaus Casaro Saturnino Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques Ísis Assis Braga |
| author_facet | Bruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro Raiany Borges Duarte Zara Mariana de Assis-Silva Ana Paula Carvalho Gomes Yasodaja Assis Silva Lizandra Fernandes-Silva Alice Caroline da Silva Rocha Iago de Sá Moraes Klaus Casaro Saturnino Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques Ísis Assis Braga |
| author_sort | Bruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>, a globally recognized obligate intracellular bacterium. In addition to dogs, other animals, including humans, may be affected. Despite its epidemiological importance and impact on public health, there is currently no commercial vaccine against <i>E. canis</i>. This study aimed to present relevant aspects of the challenges and advances encountered in the development of vaccines for CME and highlight perspectives for future investigations. High genetic variability, along with the various evasion mechanisms employed by <i>E. canis</i>, has hindered the identification of an antigen that targets Th1 cells and is immunogenic to most <i>E. canis</i> isolates, considering their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The vaccine must predominantly confer cellular and humoral immunity to achieve robust immune responses. Early production efforts have been challenging due to low immunogenicity, difficulties in establishing long-term protection, and limitations of the techniques used. However, with the refinement of bioinformatic tools, research in this area will be facilitated, thereby accelerating the development of effective vaccines for CME. According to these authors, this vaccine should consist of multiple epitopes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-afbe98bb527742dbb2adf342b35d9ee3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-afbe98bb527742dbb2adf342b35d9ee32024-12-27T14:58:35ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812024-12-01111262410.3390/vetsci11120624<i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Vaccine Development: Challenges and AdvancesBruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro0Raiany Borges Duarte1Zara Mariana de Assis-Silva2Ana Paula Carvalho Gomes3Yasodaja Assis Silva4Lizandra Fernandes-Silva5Alice Caroline da Silva Rocha6Iago de Sá Moraes7Klaus Casaro Saturnino8Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos9Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques10Ísis Assis Braga11Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology and Clinical Analysis, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilLaboratory of Veterinary Parasitology and Clinical Analysis, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilLaboratory of Veterinary Parasitology and Clinical Analysis, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilLaboratory of Veterinary Parasitology and Clinical Analysis, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilLaboratory of Veterinary Anatomical Pathology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilLaboratory of Veterinary Parasitology and Clinical Analysis, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilAcademic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilLaboratory of Veterinary Parasitology and Clinical Analysis, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilLaboratory of Veterinary Anatomical Pathology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilLaboratory of Veterinary Parasitology and Clinical Analysis, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilCollege of Applied Social Sciences of the São Lourenço Valley, EDUVALE, Caiçara Street, 2.114, Jaciara 78820-000, Mato Grosso, BrazilLaboratory of Veterinary Parasitology and Clinical Analysis, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, BrazilCanine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>, a globally recognized obligate intracellular bacterium. In addition to dogs, other animals, including humans, may be affected. Despite its epidemiological importance and impact on public health, there is currently no commercial vaccine against <i>E. canis</i>. This study aimed to present relevant aspects of the challenges and advances encountered in the development of vaccines for CME and highlight perspectives for future investigations. High genetic variability, along with the various evasion mechanisms employed by <i>E. canis</i>, has hindered the identification of an antigen that targets Th1 cells and is immunogenic to most <i>E. canis</i> isolates, considering their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The vaccine must predominantly confer cellular and humoral immunity to achieve robust immune responses. Early production efforts have been challenging due to low immunogenicity, difficulties in establishing long-term protection, and limitations of the techniques used. However, with the refinement of bioinformatic tools, research in this area will be facilitated, thereby accelerating the development of effective vaccines for CME. According to these authors, this vaccine should consist of multiple epitopes.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/624bioinformaticscanine monocytic ehrlichiosisimmunizingimmunoreactive proteinstick-borne disease |
| spellingShingle | Bruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro Raiany Borges Duarte Zara Mariana de Assis-Silva Ana Paula Carvalho Gomes Yasodaja Assis Silva Lizandra Fernandes-Silva Alice Caroline da Silva Rocha Iago de Sá Moraes Klaus Casaro Saturnino Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques Ísis Assis Braga <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances Veterinary Sciences bioinformatics canine monocytic ehrlichiosis immunizing immunoreactive proteins tick-borne disease |
| title | <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances |
| title_full | <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances |
| title_fullStr | <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances |
| title_short | <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances |
| title_sort | i ehrlichia canis i vaccine development challenges and advances |
| topic | bioinformatics canine monocytic ehrlichiosis immunizing immunoreactive proteins tick-borne disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/624 |
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