The effects of prediction representations on implicit learning: Evidence from sentence reading and perceptual identification

Predicting errors can facilitate implicit learning, but the long-term consequences of prediction errors are not yet fully understood. Especially when predictions are disconfirmed, it remains unclear whether initially correct prediction representations persist or are suppressed. In this study, partic...

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Main Authors: Xuliu Ren, Xin Xin, Xiaorong Gao, Guiqin Ren
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Heliyon
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024152875
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author Xuliu Ren
Xin Xin
Xiaorong Gao
Guiqin Ren
author_facet Xuliu Ren
Xin Xin
Xiaorong Gao
Guiqin Ren
author_sort Xuliu Ren
collection DOAJ
description Predicting errors can facilitate implicit learning, but the long-term consequences of prediction errors are not yet fully understood. Especially when predictions are disconfirmed, it remains unclear whether initially correct prediction representations persist or are suppressed. In this study, participants first engaged in a sentence reading task and then performed a perceptual identification task after completing an N-back task or after a 24-h delay. The perceptual identification task presented previously expected and unexpected words and previously predicted but not presented words to measure implicit memory for the critical items. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the persistence of prediction representations and the long-term effects of prediction errors on implicit learning. Our results indicate that prediction errors can promote implicit learning and can persist for more than 24 h. Furthermore, originally correct but not seen in reality prediction representations persist to facilitate performance on the implicit memory task after 24 h. This may reflect long-term changes in the internal representation probabilities of prediction representations.
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spelling doaj-art-af5ff5dce8ce4d7a974b5d763a3de4972024-11-15T06:12:39ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-11-011021e39256The effects of prediction representations on implicit learning: Evidence from sentence reading and perceptual identificationXuliu Ren0Xin Xin1Xiaorong Gao2Guiqin Ren3College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, ChinaCorresponding author.; College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, ChinaCollege of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, ChinaCorresponding author.; College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, ChinaPredicting errors can facilitate implicit learning, but the long-term consequences of prediction errors are not yet fully understood. Especially when predictions are disconfirmed, it remains unclear whether initially correct prediction representations persist or are suppressed. In this study, participants first engaged in a sentence reading task and then performed a perceptual identification task after completing an N-back task or after a 24-h delay. The perceptual identification task presented previously expected and unexpected words and previously predicted but not presented words to measure implicit memory for the critical items. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the persistence of prediction representations and the long-term effects of prediction errors on implicit learning. Our results indicate that prediction errors can promote implicit learning and can persist for more than 24 h. Furthermore, originally correct but not seen in reality prediction representations persist to facilitate performance on the implicit memory task after 24 h. This may reflect long-term changes in the internal representation probabilities of prediction representations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024152875Lexical predictionPrediction errorImplicit learningImplicit memorySuppressionInhibition
spellingShingle Xuliu Ren
Xin Xin
Xiaorong Gao
Guiqin Ren
The effects of prediction representations on implicit learning: Evidence from sentence reading and perceptual identification
Heliyon
Lexical prediction
Prediction error
Implicit learning
Implicit memory
Suppression
Inhibition
title The effects of prediction representations on implicit learning: Evidence from sentence reading and perceptual identification
title_full The effects of prediction representations on implicit learning: Evidence from sentence reading and perceptual identification
title_fullStr The effects of prediction representations on implicit learning: Evidence from sentence reading and perceptual identification
title_full_unstemmed The effects of prediction representations on implicit learning: Evidence from sentence reading and perceptual identification
title_short The effects of prediction representations on implicit learning: Evidence from sentence reading and perceptual identification
title_sort effects of prediction representations on implicit learning evidence from sentence reading and perceptual identification
topic Lexical prediction
Prediction error
Implicit learning
Implicit memory
Suppression
Inhibition
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024152875
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