COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE
This study employs counterfactual dependence to explore boundary interactions in resource dependency research. Using set-theoretic operations—union, intersection, and complement—we examine how boundaries evolve when interdependence precedes and shapes non-equity relationships. We propose that when...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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UUM Press
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of International Studies |
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| Online Access: | https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/23570 |
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| _version_ | 1849311792308682752 |
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| author | Symeon Mandrinos Constance Liew Sat Lin |
| author_facet | Symeon Mandrinos Constance Liew Sat Lin |
| author_sort | Symeon Mandrinos |
| collection | DOAJ |
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This study employs counterfactual dependence to explore boundary interactions in resource dependency research. Using set-theoretic operations—union, intersection, and complement—we examine how boundaries evolve when interdependence precedes and shapes non-equity relationships. We propose that when interdependence changes non-equity relations, counterfactual dependence adjusts boundary interactions at union (dichotomy) and intersection (clopen) operations. Additionally, counterfactual dependence facilitates consensus through transitive causation while maintaining dissensus, influencing boundary interactions at union. In cases of persistent dissensus caused by intransitive causation, counterfactual dependence elucidates the complement at union. This research highlights the importance of causal (counterfactual) resource dependence and set theory in advancing the understanding of boundary interactions in international business research.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-af40d2b9defe4849b3e0eee1be56b21d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1823-691X 2289-666X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | UUM Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of International Studies |
| spelling | doaj-art-af40d2b9defe4849b3e0eee1be56b21d2025-08-20T03:53:17ZengUUM PressJournal of International Studies1823-691X2289-666X2025-04-0121110.32890/jis2025.21.1.2COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCESymeon Mandrinos0Constance Liew Sat Lin1Faculty of Business, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia This study employs counterfactual dependence to explore boundary interactions in resource dependency research. Using set-theoretic operations—union, intersection, and complement—we examine how boundaries evolve when interdependence precedes and shapes non-equity relationships. We propose that when interdependence changes non-equity relations, counterfactual dependence adjusts boundary interactions at union (dichotomy) and intersection (clopen) operations. Additionally, counterfactual dependence facilitates consensus through transitive causation while maintaining dissensus, influencing boundary interactions at union. In cases of persistent dissensus caused by intransitive causation, counterfactual dependence elucidates the complement at union. This research highlights the importance of causal (counterfactual) resource dependence and set theory in advancing the understanding of boundary interactions in international business research. https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/23570Boolean algebracausal (counterfactual) dependenceinterdependencenon-equityset-theory |
| spellingShingle | Symeon Mandrinos Constance Liew Sat Lin COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE Journal of International Studies Boolean algebra causal (counterfactual) dependence interdependence non-equity set-theory |
| title | COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE |
| title_full | COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE |
| title_fullStr | COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE |
| title_full_unstemmed | COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE |
| title_short | COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE |
| title_sort | counterfactual dependence boundary and resource dependence |
| topic | Boolean algebra causal (counterfactual) dependence interdependence non-equity set-theory |
| url | https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/23570 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT symeonmandrinos counterfactualdependenceboundaryandresourcedependence AT constanceliewsatlin counterfactualdependenceboundaryandresourcedependence |