COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE

This study employs counterfactual dependence to explore boundary interactions in resource dependency research. Using set-theoretic operations—union, intersection, and complement—we examine how boundaries evolve when interdependence precedes and shapes non-equity relationships. We propose that when...

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Main Authors: Symeon Mandrinos, Constance Liew Sat Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: UUM Press 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of International Studies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/23570
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author Symeon Mandrinos
Constance Liew Sat Lin
author_facet Symeon Mandrinos
Constance Liew Sat Lin
author_sort Symeon Mandrinos
collection DOAJ
description This study employs counterfactual dependence to explore boundary interactions in resource dependency research. Using set-theoretic operations—union, intersection, and complement—we examine how boundaries evolve when interdependence precedes and shapes non-equity relationships. We propose that when interdependence changes non-equity relations, counterfactual dependence adjusts boundary interactions at union (dichotomy) and intersection (clopen) operations. Additionally, counterfactual dependence facilitates consensus through transitive causation while maintaining dissensus, influencing boundary interactions at union. In cases of persistent dissensus caused by intransitive causation, counterfactual dependence elucidates the complement at union. This research highlights the importance of causal (counterfactual) resource dependence and set theory in advancing the understanding of boundary interactions in international business research.
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institution Kabale University
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record_format Article
series Journal of International Studies
spelling doaj-art-af40d2b9defe4849b3e0eee1be56b21d2025-08-20T03:53:17ZengUUM PressJournal of International Studies1823-691X2289-666X2025-04-0121110.32890/jis2025.21.1.2COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCESymeon Mandrinos0Constance Liew Sat Lin1Faculty of Business, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia This study employs counterfactual dependence to explore boundary interactions in resource dependency research. Using set-theoretic operations—union, intersection, and complement—we examine how boundaries evolve when interdependence precedes and shapes non-equity relationships. We propose that when interdependence changes non-equity relations, counterfactual dependence adjusts boundary interactions at union (dichotomy) and intersection (clopen) operations. Additionally, counterfactual dependence facilitates consensus through transitive causation while maintaining dissensus, influencing boundary interactions at union. In cases of persistent dissensus caused by intransitive causation, counterfactual dependence elucidates the complement at union. This research highlights the importance of causal (counterfactual) resource dependence and set theory in advancing the understanding of boundary interactions in international business research. https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/23570Boolean algebracausal (counterfactual) dependenceinterdependencenon-equityset-theory
spellingShingle Symeon Mandrinos
Constance Liew Sat Lin
COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE
Journal of International Studies
Boolean algebra
causal (counterfactual) dependence
interdependence
non-equity
set-theory
title COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE
title_full COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE
title_fullStr COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE
title_full_unstemmed COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE
title_short COUNTERFACTUAL DEPENDENCE, BOUNDARY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE
title_sort counterfactual dependence boundary and resource dependence
topic Boolean algebra
causal (counterfactual) dependence
interdependence
non-equity
set-theory
url https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/23570
work_keys_str_mv AT symeonmandrinos counterfactualdependenceboundaryandresourcedependence
AT constanceliewsatlin counterfactualdependenceboundaryandresourcedependence