Constraining Anisotropic Diffusion between Geminga and Earth with the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Spectrum

The gamma-ray halo around Geminga indicates significant suppression of cosmic-ray diffusion. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is the projection effect of slow diffusion perpendicular to the mean magnetic field (characterized by the diffusion coefficient D _⊥ ) within an anisotropic diffu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Junji Xia, Xiaojun Bi, Kun Fang, Siming Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9d39
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Summary:The gamma-ray halo around Geminga indicates significant suppression of cosmic-ray diffusion. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is the projection effect of slow diffusion perpendicular to the mean magnetic field (characterized by the diffusion coefficient D _⊥ ) within an anisotropic diffusion framework. In this scenario, the diffusion coefficient parallel to the mean field ( D _∥ ) can still be large, enabling electrons and positrons ( e ^± ) produced by Geminga to efficiently travel to Earth along the magnetic field lines, possibly resulting in a detectable e ^± flux. In this work, we first determine the basic parameters of the anisotropic model using the morphology and spectral measurements of the Geminga halo and then predict the flux of e ^± produced by Geminga at the location of Earth. We find that the e ^−  +  e ^+ spectrum of DAMPE can give crucial constraint on the anisotropic diffusion model: to ensure that the predicted spectrum does not exceed the measurements, the Alfvén Mach number of the turbulent magnetic field ( M _A ) should not be less than 0.75, corresponding to D _∥ / D _⊥  ≲ 3 given that ${D}_{\perp }={D}_{\parallel }{M}_{A}^{4}$ . This implies that a significant suppression of D _∥ relative to the average value in the Galaxy may still be necessary. Furthermore, we find that under the anisotropic diffusion model, Geminga can produce a very sharp feature around 1 TeV in the e ^−  +  e ^+ spectrum, which could naturally explain the peculiar 1.4 TeV excess tentatively observed by DAMPE.
ISSN:1538-4357