Effects of cold-pressed wheat germ oil and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, digestibility, immune status, intestinal microbial enumeration, and gene expression of broilers under heat stress
This study evaluated the effect of wheat germ oil (WGO), Bacillus subtilis, and their combination on growth performance, immune response, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbial, oxidative status, and gene expression in heat-stressed broilers. Four hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers wer...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124012860 |
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| author | Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim Safaa A.M. Ali M.G. Sallam Ahmed M. Elbaz Noura M. Mesalam Zangabel S. Mohamed AbdelRahman Y Abdelhady Bing Yang Mohamed Farouk Elsadek |
| author_facet | Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim Safaa A.M. Ali M.G. Sallam Ahmed M. Elbaz Noura M. Mesalam Zangabel S. Mohamed AbdelRahman Y Abdelhady Bing Yang Mohamed Farouk Elsadek |
| author_sort | Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated the effect of wheat germ oil (WGO), Bacillus subtilis, and their combination on growth performance, immune response, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbial, oxidative status, and gene expression in heat-stressed broilers. Four hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were distributed into five pens (20 birds/pen) in four experimental groups: a control (CON) without additives, WGO group fed diet with WGO at 200 mg.kg-1, BS group fed diet with B. subtilis at 500 mg.kg-1 containing 5 × 108 CFU.g-1, and CWB group received both WGO and B. subtilis. Heat stress exposure adversely affected broiler growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and mucin2 (MUC2) mRNA expression. However, the CWB group showed a lower FCR, reduced mortality rate, and increased BWG compared to the other groups. Nutrient digestion was also improved, with a higher digestibility of ether extract, dry matter, and crude protein. By day 35, stress biomarkers like corticosterone and glucose levels were reduced, while triiodothyronine levels increased in the BS and CWB groups. The CWB group also showed lower malondialdehyde and interleukin-6 levels, with higher superoxide dismutase activity, and increased levels of IgA, IgG, and interleukin-10. Additionally, the CWB group had higher HDL levels and lower cholesterol and LDL levels (P < 0.05). Notably, CWB supplements modified the structure of the cecal microbial community by increasing Lactobacillus counts and decreasing E. coli and C. perfringens counts. Furthermore, the expressions of intestinal MUC2 and hepatic IGF-1 were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the CWB group. This study provides evidence that supplementing heat-stressed broiler diets with a mixture of WGO and B. subtilis enhances antioxidant capacity, immune response, growth performance, and gut integrity via modulating the microbial community and regulating gene expression. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ae07dabae2604d1a9073c4447f612fde |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0032-5791 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-ae07dabae2604d1a9073c4447f612fde2025-01-04T04:55:50ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912025-02-011042104708Effects of cold-pressed wheat germ oil and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, digestibility, immune status, intestinal microbial enumeration, and gene expression of broilers under heat stressAbdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim0Safaa A.M. Ali1M.G. Sallam2Ahmed M. Elbaz3Noura M. Mesalam4Zangabel S. Mohamed5AbdelRahman Y Abdelhady6Bing Yang7Mohamed Farouk Elsadek8Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Egypt; Corresponding author.Animal and Poultry Physiology Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptAnimal Production Department, Agricultural and Biology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptAnimal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptBiological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, EgyptPoultry Production Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, EgyptPoultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, EgyptCollege of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaThis study evaluated the effect of wheat germ oil (WGO), Bacillus subtilis, and their combination on growth performance, immune response, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbial, oxidative status, and gene expression in heat-stressed broilers. Four hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were distributed into five pens (20 birds/pen) in four experimental groups: a control (CON) without additives, WGO group fed diet with WGO at 200 mg.kg-1, BS group fed diet with B. subtilis at 500 mg.kg-1 containing 5 × 108 CFU.g-1, and CWB group received both WGO and B. subtilis. Heat stress exposure adversely affected broiler growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and mucin2 (MUC2) mRNA expression. However, the CWB group showed a lower FCR, reduced mortality rate, and increased BWG compared to the other groups. Nutrient digestion was also improved, with a higher digestibility of ether extract, dry matter, and crude protein. By day 35, stress biomarkers like corticosterone and glucose levels were reduced, while triiodothyronine levels increased in the BS and CWB groups. The CWB group also showed lower malondialdehyde and interleukin-6 levels, with higher superoxide dismutase activity, and increased levels of IgA, IgG, and interleukin-10. Additionally, the CWB group had higher HDL levels and lower cholesterol and LDL levels (P < 0.05). Notably, CWB supplements modified the structure of the cecal microbial community by increasing Lactobacillus counts and decreasing E. coli and C. perfringens counts. Furthermore, the expressions of intestinal MUC2 and hepatic IGF-1 were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the CWB group. This study provides evidence that supplementing heat-stressed broiler diets with a mixture of WGO and B. subtilis enhances antioxidant capacity, immune response, growth performance, and gut integrity via modulating the microbial community and regulating gene expression.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124012860Wheat germ oilBacillus subtilisBroiler performanceImmune statusGene expression |
| spellingShingle | Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim Safaa A.M. Ali M.G. Sallam Ahmed M. Elbaz Noura M. Mesalam Zangabel S. Mohamed AbdelRahman Y Abdelhady Bing Yang Mohamed Farouk Elsadek Effects of cold-pressed wheat germ oil and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, digestibility, immune status, intestinal microbial enumeration, and gene expression of broilers under heat stress Poultry Science Wheat germ oil Bacillus subtilis Broiler performance Immune status Gene expression |
| title | Effects of cold-pressed wheat germ oil and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, digestibility, immune status, intestinal microbial enumeration, and gene expression of broilers under heat stress |
| title_full | Effects of cold-pressed wheat germ oil and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, digestibility, immune status, intestinal microbial enumeration, and gene expression of broilers under heat stress |
| title_fullStr | Effects of cold-pressed wheat germ oil and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, digestibility, immune status, intestinal microbial enumeration, and gene expression of broilers under heat stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of cold-pressed wheat germ oil and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, digestibility, immune status, intestinal microbial enumeration, and gene expression of broilers under heat stress |
| title_short | Effects of cold-pressed wheat germ oil and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, digestibility, immune status, intestinal microbial enumeration, and gene expression of broilers under heat stress |
| title_sort | effects of cold pressed wheat germ oil and bacillus subtilis on growth performance digestibility immune status intestinal microbial enumeration and gene expression of broilers under heat stress |
| topic | Wheat germ oil Bacillus subtilis Broiler performance Immune status Gene expression |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124012860 |
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