Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18–45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial

Background: Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination substantially alleviates cervical cancer burden. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an <i>Escherichia coli</i>-expressed recombinant nonavalent HPV vaccine. Methods: A dose-escalatin...

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Main Authors: Mingwei Wei, Weiwei Han, Jing Zhang, Yongjiang Liu, Hongyang Yu, Jingxin Li, Wenjuan Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/511
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author Mingwei Wei
Weiwei Han
Jing Zhang
Yongjiang Liu
Hongyang Yu
Jingxin Li
Wenjuan Wang
author_facet Mingwei Wei
Weiwei Han
Jing Zhang
Yongjiang Liu
Hongyang Yu
Jingxin Li
Wenjuan Wang
author_sort Mingwei Wei
collection DOAJ
description Background: Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination substantially alleviates cervical cancer burden. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an <i>Escherichia coli</i>-expressed recombinant nonavalent HPV vaccine. Methods: A dose-escalating phase 1 clinical trial was conducted in Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, China. Each participant received either the test vaccine or the control vaccine (Gardasil 9) following a 0/2/6-month schedule. Adverse reactions (ARs) within 7 days after vaccination, adverse events (AEs) within 30 days, and serious adverse events (SAEs) throughout the study were recorded. Blood parameters were measured before and 3 days after each dose. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against nine HPV types were analyzed at months 0, 3, and 7. Results: A total of 160 women aged 18–45 years were enrolled, and 155 participants completed the full vaccination regimen. Within 7 days following vaccination, the incidence of ARs ranged from 56.67% to 90.00%, with the low-dose group showing a significantly higher rate than the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Most AEs were mild or moderate, and no vaccine-related SAEs occurred. No significant differences were observed among the four groups regarding the incidence of abnormal laboratory findings. Seroconversion rates for nAbs and IgG against nine HPV types exceeded 97.92% following three doses. High levels of nAbs and IgG were observed at months 3 and 7, with geometric mean titers (GMTs) showing further increases by month 7. Conclusions: This new recombinant nonavalent HPV vaccine exhibits good tolerability and strong immunogenicity among women aged 18–45 years, supporting further efficacy studies in larger populations.
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spelling doaj-art-ada4e5b0098e4c658e7817ffa8d38aa72025-08-20T03:47:57ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-05-0113551110.3390/vaccines13050511Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18–45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical TrialMingwei Wei0Weiwei Han1Jing Zhang2Yongjiang Liu3Hongyang Yu4Jingxin Li5Wenjuan Wang6School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, ChinaSchool of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, ChinaSheyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng 224499, ChinaBeijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100176, ChinaBeijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100176, ChinaSchool of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, ChinaDepartment of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine), Nanjing 210009, ChinaBackground: Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination substantially alleviates cervical cancer burden. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an <i>Escherichia coli</i>-expressed recombinant nonavalent HPV vaccine. Methods: A dose-escalating phase 1 clinical trial was conducted in Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, China. Each participant received either the test vaccine or the control vaccine (Gardasil 9) following a 0/2/6-month schedule. Adverse reactions (ARs) within 7 days after vaccination, adverse events (AEs) within 30 days, and serious adverse events (SAEs) throughout the study were recorded. Blood parameters were measured before and 3 days after each dose. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against nine HPV types were analyzed at months 0, 3, and 7. Results: A total of 160 women aged 18–45 years were enrolled, and 155 participants completed the full vaccination regimen. Within 7 days following vaccination, the incidence of ARs ranged from 56.67% to 90.00%, with the low-dose group showing a significantly higher rate than the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Most AEs were mild or moderate, and no vaccine-related SAEs occurred. No significant differences were observed among the four groups regarding the incidence of abnormal laboratory findings. Seroconversion rates for nAbs and IgG against nine HPV types exceeded 97.92% following three doses. High levels of nAbs and IgG were observed at months 3 and 7, with geometric mean titers (GMTs) showing further increases by month 7. Conclusions: This new recombinant nonavalent HPV vaccine exhibits good tolerability and strong immunogenicity among women aged 18–45 years, supporting further efficacy studies in larger populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/511human papillomavirusnonavalent<i>Escherichia coli</i>phase 1 clinical trialsafetyimmunogenicity
spellingShingle Mingwei Wei
Weiwei Han
Jing Zhang
Yongjiang Liu
Hongyang Yu
Jingxin Li
Wenjuan Wang
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18–45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial
Vaccines
human papillomavirus
nonavalent
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
phase 1 clinical trial
safety
immunogenicity
title Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18–45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial
title_full Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18–45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial
title_fullStr Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18–45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial
title_full_unstemmed Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18–45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial
title_short Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18–45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial
title_sort safety tolerability and immunogenicity of a recombinant nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccine i escherichia coli i in healthy chinese women aged 18 45 years a phase 1 clinical trial
topic human papillomavirus
nonavalent
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
phase 1 clinical trial
safety
immunogenicity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/511
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