Serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical-case pigs in Taiwan

Abstract Background Pleuropneumonia remains an important challenge to swine production worldwide. The causative agent, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar prevalence in countries can change over time. Few Taiwanese A. pleuropneumoniae prevalence studies have been published, and recent large-scal...

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Main Authors: Wei-Fan Kwan, Yanwen Li, Janine T. Bossé, Ming-Tang Chiou, Hsien-Jen Chiu, Paul R. Langford, Preben Mortensen, Chao-Nan Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04878-7
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author Wei-Fan Kwan
Yanwen Li
Janine T. Bossé
Ming-Tang Chiou
Hsien-Jen Chiu
Paul R. Langford
Preben Mortensen
Chao-Nan Lin
author_facet Wei-Fan Kwan
Yanwen Li
Janine T. Bossé
Ming-Tang Chiou
Hsien-Jen Chiu
Paul R. Langford
Preben Mortensen
Chao-Nan Lin
author_sort Wei-Fan Kwan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Pleuropneumonia remains an important challenge to swine production worldwide. The causative agent, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar prevalence in countries can change over time. Few Taiwanese A. pleuropneumoniae prevalence studies have been published, and recent large-scale investigations remain notably scarce. This study aimed to identify the serovars and antimicrobial sensitivity of 96 current Taiwanese A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates. Results Among the 99 A. pleuropneumoniae determinations, 40 (40.4%) were serovar 15, 29 (29.3%) were serovar 5, 15 (15.2%) were serovar 1, 11 (11.1%) were serovar 7, and 4 (4.0%) were serovar 2. Therefore serovar 15 was the most predominant between 2015 and 2022. Resistance of the isolates was minimal to ceftiofur (3.2%), cephalexin (5.2%), cephalothin (6.3%) and enrofloxacin (9.3%), moderate to gentamicin (28.4%), and high for florfenicol, amoxicillin and ampicillin (45.1–68.4%). Conclusions This study updates the serovar and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of Taiwanese clinical A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, showing that serovars 15, 5, 1, 7, and 2 collectively predominate in clinical outbreaks. Local A. pleuropneumoniae isolates exhibited high resistance to antimicrobials currently used in the Taiwanese pig production, such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and florfenicol. However, there was low resistance to cephalexin, cephalothin, tilmicosin and lincospectin (injectable only) which can be recommended for current use in Taiwan, considering both efficacy and public health risks. Notably, isolates of the same serovar collected from the same farm on the same day occasionally displayed distinct resistance patterns, emphasizing the complex dynamics of antimicrobial resistance. Our data will help veterinarians and producers refine vaccination and treatment protocols, highlighting the importance of ongoing surveillance to respond effectively to evolving resistance trends.
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spelling doaj-art-accbd79f4da34b4ea9c1f297fffe87c52025-08-20T03:46:00ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-08-012111810.1186/s12917-025-04878-7Serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical-case pigs in TaiwanWei-Fan Kwan0Yanwen Li1Janine T. Bossé2Ming-Tang Chiou3Hsien-Jen Chiu4Paul R. Langford5Preben Mortensen6Chao-Nan Lin7Ceva Animal HealthDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonCeva Corporate SwineDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Background Pleuropneumonia remains an important challenge to swine production worldwide. The causative agent, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar prevalence in countries can change over time. Few Taiwanese A. pleuropneumoniae prevalence studies have been published, and recent large-scale investigations remain notably scarce. This study aimed to identify the serovars and antimicrobial sensitivity of 96 current Taiwanese A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates. Results Among the 99 A. pleuropneumoniae determinations, 40 (40.4%) were serovar 15, 29 (29.3%) were serovar 5, 15 (15.2%) were serovar 1, 11 (11.1%) were serovar 7, and 4 (4.0%) were serovar 2. Therefore serovar 15 was the most predominant between 2015 and 2022. Resistance of the isolates was minimal to ceftiofur (3.2%), cephalexin (5.2%), cephalothin (6.3%) and enrofloxacin (9.3%), moderate to gentamicin (28.4%), and high for florfenicol, amoxicillin and ampicillin (45.1–68.4%). Conclusions This study updates the serovar and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of Taiwanese clinical A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, showing that serovars 15, 5, 1, 7, and 2 collectively predominate in clinical outbreaks. Local A. pleuropneumoniae isolates exhibited high resistance to antimicrobials currently used in the Taiwanese pig production, such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and florfenicol. However, there was low resistance to cephalexin, cephalothin, tilmicosin and lincospectin (injectable only) which can be recommended for current use in Taiwan, considering both efficacy and public health risks. Notably, isolates of the same serovar collected from the same farm on the same day occasionally displayed distinct resistance patterns, emphasizing the complex dynamics of antimicrobial resistance. Our data will help veterinarians and producers refine vaccination and treatment protocols, highlighting the importance of ongoing surveillance to respond effectively to evolving resistance trends.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04878-7Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeDiseasesSerotypingSerovarAntimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
spellingShingle Wei-Fan Kwan
Yanwen Li
Janine T. Bossé
Ming-Tang Chiou
Hsien-Jen Chiu
Paul R. Langford
Preben Mortensen
Chao-Nan Lin
Serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical-case pigs in Taiwan
BMC Veterinary Research
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Diseases
Serotyping
Serovar
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
title Serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical-case pigs in Taiwan
title_full Serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical-case pigs in Taiwan
title_fullStr Serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical-case pigs in Taiwan
title_full_unstemmed Serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical-case pigs in Taiwan
title_short Serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical-case pigs in Taiwan
title_sort serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical case pigs in taiwan
topic Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Diseases
Serotyping
Serovar
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04878-7
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