Wall of Resilience: How the Intestinal Epithelium Prevents Inflammatory Onslaught in the GutSummary
The intestinal epithelium forms the boundary between the intestinal immune system in the lamina propria and the outside world, the intestinal lumen, which contains a diverse array of microbial and environmental antigens. Composed of specialized cells, this epithelial monolayer has an exceptional tur...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352345X24001784 |
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| author | Eva Liebing Susanne M. Krug Markus F. Neurath Britta Siegmund Christoph Becker |
| author_facet | Eva Liebing Susanne M. Krug Markus F. Neurath Britta Siegmund Christoph Becker |
| author_sort | Eva Liebing |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The intestinal epithelium forms the boundary between the intestinal immune system in the lamina propria and the outside world, the intestinal lumen, which contains a diverse array of microbial and environmental antigens. Composed of specialized cells, this epithelial monolayer has an exceptional turnover rate. Differentiated epithelial cells are released into the intestinal lumen within a few days, at the villus tip, a process that requires strict regulation. Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier increases the intestinal permeability and paves the way for luminal antigens to pass into the intestinal serosa. Stem cells at the bottom of Lieberkühn crypts provide a constant supply of mature epithelial cells. Differentiated intestinal epithelial cells exhibit a diverse array of mechanisms that enable communication with surrounding cells, fortification against microorganisms, and orchestration of nutrient absorption and hormonal balance. Furthermore, tight junctions regulate paracellular permeability properties, and their disruption can lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier, allowing inflammation to develop or further progress. Intestinal epithelial cells provide a communication platform through which they maintain homeostasis with a spectrum of entities including immune cells, neuronal cells, and connective tissue cells. This homeostasis can be disrupted in disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease show an impaired gut barrier, dysregulated cellular communication, and aberrant proliferation and demise of cells. This review summarizes the individual cellular and molecular mechanisms pivotal for upholding the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and shows how these can be disrupted in diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ac807c8def714d9a8a85aa9b3e866ec1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2352-345X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ac807c8def714d9a8a85aa9b3e866ec12025-01-17T04:49:36ZengElsevierCellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology2352-345X2025-01-01192101423Wall of Resilience: How the Intestinal Epithelium Prevents Inflammatory Onslaught in the GutSummaryEva Liebing0Susanne M. Krug1Markus F. Neurath2Britta Siegmund3Christoph Becker4Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, GermanyClinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany; Correspondence Address correspondence to: Christoph Becker, PhD, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.The intestinal epithelium forms the boundary between the intestinal immune system in the lamina propria and the outside world, the intestinal lumen, which contains a diverse array of microbial and environmental antigens. Composed of specialized cells, this epithelial monolayer has an exceptional turnover rate. Differentiated epithelial cells are released into the intestinal lumen within a few days, at the villus tip, a process that requires strict regulation. Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier increases the intestinal permeability and paves the way for luminal antigens to pass into the intestinal serosa. Stem cells at the bottom of Lieberkühn crypts provide a constant supply of mature epithelial cells. Differentiated intestinal epithelial cells exhibit a diverse array of mechanisms that enable communication with surrounding cells, fortification against microorganisms, and orchestration of nutrient absorption and hormonal balance. Furthermore, tight junctions regulate paracellular permeability properties, and their disruption can lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier, allowing inflammation to develop or further progress. Intestinal epithelial cells provide a communication platform through which they maintain homeostasis with a spectrum of entities including immune cells, neuronal cells, and connective tissue cells. This homeostasis can be disrupted in disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease show an impaired gut barrier, dysregulated cellular communication, and aberrant proliferation and demise of cells. This review summarizes the individual cellular and molecular mechanisms pivotal for upholding the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and shows how these can be disrupted in diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352345X24001784Intestinal EpitheliumBarrier DysfunctionInflammatory Bowel Diseases |
| spellingShingle | Eva Liebing Susanne M. Krug Markus F. Neurath Britta Siegmund Christoph Becker Wall of Resilience: How the Intestinal Epithelium Prevents Inflammatory Onslaught in the GutSummary Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Intestinal Epithelium Barrier Dysfunction Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
| title | Wall of Resilience: How the Intestinal Epithelium Prevents Inflammatory Onslaught in the GutSummary |
| title_full | Wall of Resilience: How the Intestinal Epithelium Prevents Inflammatory Onslaught in the GutSummary |
| title_fullStr | Wall of Resilience: How the Intestinal Epithelium Prevents Inflammatory Onslaught in the GutSummary |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wall of Resilience: How the Intestinal Epithelium Prevents Inflammatory Onslaught in the GutSummary |
| title_short | Wall of Resilience: How the Intestinal Epithelium Prevents Inflammatory Onslaught in the GutSummary |
| title_sort | wall of resilience how the intestinal epithelium prevents inflammatory onslaught in the gutsummary |
| topic | Intestinal Epithelium Barrier Dysfunction Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352345X24001784 |
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