RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based Technology

There is growing international interest in assessing population exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, especially those generated by mobile-phone base stations. The work presented here is an experimental study in which we assess exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in a univ...

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Main Authors: Jesús M. Paniagua-Sánchez, Christopher Marabel-Calderón, Francisco J. García-Cobos, Antonio Gordillo-Guerrero, Montaña Rufo-Pérez, Antonio Jiménez-Barco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/22/10203
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author Jesús M. Paniagua-Sánchez
Christopher Marabel-Calderón
Francisco J. García-Cobos
Antonio Gordillo-Guerrero
Montaña Rufo-Pérez
Antonio Jiménez-Barco
author_facet Jesús M. Paniagua-Sánchez
Christopher Marabel-Calderón
Francisco J. García-Cobos
Antonio Gordillo-Guerrero
Montaña Rufo-Pérez
Antonio Jiménez-Barco
author_sort Jesús M. Paniagua-Sánchez
collection DOAJ
description There is growing international interest in assessing population exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, especially those generated by mobile-phone base stations. The work presented here is an experimental study in which we assess exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in a university environment, where there is a site with mobile-phone antennas and where a large number of people live on a daily basis. The data were collected with a personal exposure meter in two samplings, one walking at ground level and the other using an aerial vehicle at a height higher than the buildings. The geo-referenced electric-field data were subjected to a process in which a theoretical model was adjusted to the experimental variograms, and heat maps were obtained using kriging interpolation. The research carried out is of great relevance, since it provides detailed measurements of the electromagnetic radiation levels both at ground level and at significant heights, using innovative methodologies such as the use of drones. Furthermore, the results obtained allow for contextualizing the exposures in relation to international safety limits, highlighting the importance of rigorous monitoring in everyday environments.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-ac716a6873c5414882da1c89f8acb3282024-11-26T17:47:53ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-11-0114221020310.3390/app142210203RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based TechnologyJesús M. Paniagua-Sánchez0Christopher Marabel-Calderón1Francisco J. García-Cobos2Antonio Gordillo-Guerrero3Montaña Rufo-Pérez4Antonio Jiménez-Barco5Department of Applied Physics, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, SpainPolytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, SpainPolytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, SpainDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automatics, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, SpainDepartment of Applied Physics, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, SpainDepartment of Applied Physics, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, SpainThere is growing international interest in assessing population exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, especially those generated by mobile-phone base stations. The work presented here is an experimental study in which we assess exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in a university environment, where there is a site with mobile-phone antennas and where a large number of people live on a daily basis. The data were collected with a personal exposure meter in two samplings, one walking at ground level and the other using an aerial vehicle at a height higher than the buildings. The geo-referenced electric-field data were subjected to a process in which a theoretical model was adjusted to the experimental variograms, and heat maps were obtained using kriging interpolation. The research carried out is of great relevance, since it provides detailed measurements of the electromagnetic radiation levels both at ground level and at significant heights, using innovative methodologies such as the use of drones. Furthermore, the results obtained allow for contextualizing the exposures in relation to international safety limits, highlighting the importance of rigorous monitoring in everyday environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/22/10203mobile base stationsenvironmental electromagnetic fieldsexposure assessmentinternational standardspersonal exposure meterdrone-based measurement
spellingShingle Jesús M. Paniagua-Sánchez
Christopher Marabel-Calderón
Francisco J. García-Cobos
Antonio Gordillo-Guerrero
Montaña Rufo-Pérez
Antonio Jiménez-Barco
RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based Technology
Applied Sciences
mobile base stations
environmental electromagnetic fields
exposure assessment
international standards
personal exposure meter
drone-based measurement
title RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based Technology
title_full RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based Technology
title_fullStr RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based Technology
title_full_unstemmed RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based Technology
title_short RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based Technology
title_sort rf exposure assessment by drone based technology
topic mobile base stations
environmental electromagnetic fields
exposure assessment
international standards
personal exposure meter
drone-based measurement
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/22/10203
work_keys_str_mv AT jesusmpaniaguasanchez rfexposureassessmentbydronebasedtechnology
AT christophermarabelcalderon rfexposureassessmentbydronebasedtechnology
AT franciscojgarciacobos rfexposureassessmentbydronebasedtechnology
AT antoniogordilloguerrero rfexposureassessmentbydronebasedtechnology
AT montanarufoperez rfexposureassessmentbydronebasedtechnology
AT antoniojimenezbarco rfexposureassessmentbydronebasedtechnology