Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World
The family <i>Paramyxoviridae</i> includes a number of negative RNA viruses known for their wide host range and significant zoonotic potential. In recent years, there has been a surge in the identification of emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses, particularly those hosted by bat species, wh...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Francesco Branda Grazia Pavia Alessandra Ciccozzi Angela Quirino Nadia Marascio Giovanni Matera Chiara Romano Chiara Locci Ilenia Azzena Noemi Pascale Daria Sanna Marco Casu Giancarlo Ceccarelli Massimo Ciccozzi Fabio Scarpa |
| author_facet | Francesco Branda Grazia Pavia Alessandra Ciccozzi Angela Quirino Nadia Marascio Giovanni Matera Chiara Romano Chiara Locci Ilenia Azzena Noemi Pascale Daria Sanna Marco Casu Giancarlo Ceccarelli Massimo Ciccozzi Fabio Scarpa |
| author_sort | Francesco Branda |
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| description | The family <i>Paramyxoviridae</i> includes a number of negative RNA viruses known for their wide host range and significant zoonotic potential. In recent years, there has been a surge in the identification of emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses, particularly those hosted by bat species, which serve as key reservoirs. Among these, the genera Henipavirus and Pararubulavirus are of particular concern. Henipaviruses, including the highly pathogenic Hendra and Nipah viruses, have caused severe outbreaks with high mortality rates in both humans and animals. In contrast, zoonotic pararubulaviruses such as the Menangle virus typically induce mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic in human hosts. This review summarizes current knowledge on the evolution, ecology, and epidemiology of emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses, focusing on recently discovered viruses and their potential to cause future epidemics. We explore the molecular mechanisms underlying host-switching events, viral replication strategies, and immune evasion tactics that facilitate interspecies transmission. In addition, we discuss ecological factors influencing virus emergence, including changes in bat populations and habitats and the role of wildlife–human interfaces. We also examine the public health impact of these emerging viruses, underlining the importance of enhanced surveillance, developing improved diagnostic tools, and implementing proactive strategies to prevent potential outbreaks. By providing a comprehensive overview of recent advances and gaps in knowledge, this review aims to inform future research directions and public health policies related to zoonotic paramyxoviruses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-abec87ea9ffd44598393b857d5b51fb3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-abec87ea9ffd44598393b857d5b51fb32024-11-26T18:25:17ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-10-011611168810.3390/v16111688Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing WorldFrancesco Branda0Grazia Pavia1Alessandra Ciccozzi2Angela Quirino3Nadia Marascio4Giovanni Matera5Chiara Romano6Chiara Locci7Ilenia Azzena8Noemi Pascale9Daria Sanna10Marco Casu11Giancarlo Ceccarelli12Massimo Ciccozzi13Fabio Scarpa14Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, ItalyUnit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyUnit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyUnit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyUnit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyUnit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyUnit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyThe family <i>Paramyxoviridae</i> includes a number of negative RNA viruses known for their wide host range and significant zoonotic potential. In recent years, there has been a surge in the identification of emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses, particularly those hosted by bat species, which serve as key reservoirs. Among these, the genera Henipavirus and Pararubulavirus are of particular concern. Henipaviruses, including the highly pathogenic Hendra and Nipah viruses, have caused severe outbreaks with high mortality rates in both humans and animals. In contrast, zoonotic pararubulaviruses such as the Menangle virus typically induce mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic in human hosts. This review summarizes current knowledge on the evolution, ecology, and epidemiology of emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses, focusing on recently discovered viruses and their potential to cause future epidemics. We explore the molecular mechanisms underlying host-switching events, viral replication strategies, and immune evasion tactics that facilitate interspecies transmission. In addition, we discuss ecological factors influencing virus emergence, including changes in bat populations and habitats and the role of wildlife–human interfaces. We also examine the public health impact of these emerging viruses, underlining the importance of enhanced surveillance, developing improved diagnostic tools, and implementing proactive strategies to prevent potential outbreaks. By providing a comprehensive overview of recent advances and gaps in knowledge, this review aims to inform future research directions and public health policies related to zoonotic paramyxoviruses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1688emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruseswildlife–human interfaceepidemic potential |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Branda Grazia Pavia Alessandra Ciccozzi Angela Quirino Nadia Marascio Giovanni Matera Chiara Romano Chiara Locci Ilenia Azzena Noemi Pascale Daria Sanna Marco Casu Giancarlo Ceccarelli Massimo Ciccozzi Fabio Scarpa Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World Viruses emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses wildlife–human interface epidemic potential |
| title | Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World |
| title_full | Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World |
| title_fullStr | Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World |
| title_short | Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World |
| title_sort | zoonotic paramyxoviruses evolution ecology and public health strategies in a changing world |
| topic | emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses wildlife–human interface epidemic potential |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1688 |
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