Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures
IntroductionOur recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) causes a range of mean changes in various measures and predictors of endurance and sprint performance in athletes. Here, we extend the analyses to relationships between mean changes of these measures...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1486570/full |
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| author | Hans-Peter Wiesinger Hans-Peter Wiesinger Hans-Peter Wiesinger Will G. Hopkins Nils Haller Nils Haller Julia Blumkaitis Tilmann Strepp Thomas Leonhard Stöggl Thomas Leonhard Stöggl |
| author_facet | Hans-Peter Wiesinger Hans-Peter Wiesinger Hans-Peter Wiesinger Will G. Hopkins Nils Haller Nils Haller Julia Blumkaitis Tilmann Strepp Thomas Leonhard Stöggl Thomas Leonhard Stöggl |
| author_sort | Hans-Peter Wiesinger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionOur recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) causes a range of mean changes in various measures and predictors of endurance and sprint performance in athletes. Here, we extend the analyses to relationships between mean changes of these measures and consider implications for understanding and improving HIIT that were not apparent in the previous analyses.MethodsThe data were mean changes from HIIT with highly trained endurance and elite other (mainly team sport) athletes in studies where two or more measures or predictors of performance were available. Relationships between changes in pairs of measures were visualized in scatterplots with points identified by aerobic and anaerobic types of HIIT; simple linear relationships were quantified via log-transformation of factor changes with a meta-regression mixed model.ResultsIn endurance athletes, there were positive linear relationships between mean changes in time-trial speed/power (reflecting competition endurance performance) and mean changes in endurance performance predictors [peak speed/power, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and aerobic/anaerobic threshold]. There were substantial differences in time-trial speed/power between studies not explained by each predictor. Exercise economy had an unclear relationship with time-trial speed/power but a decisively negative relationship with V̇O2max. In other athletes, repeated-sprint ability had a weak positive relationship with sprint speed/power. The scatter of points in some plots was associated with the type of HIIT.DiscussionDifferences in time-trial performance between studies for a given change in peak speed/power, V̇O2max, or threshold speed/power imply that time trials should be included when assessing effects of HIIT on endurance performance. Relationships between V̇O2max, time-trial speed/power, and exercise economy suggest that combining aerobic and anaerobic types of HIIT could be more effective for endurance performance. Sprints and repeated-sprint ability are important performance measures for team-sport athletes; their poor relationship implies that both should be measured when assessing HIIT.Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-abd0846ac37a4c28b19c7e29cc2eb209 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-abd0846ac37a4c28b19c7e29cc2eb2092024-12-23T06:38:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2024-12-011510.3389/fphys.2024.14865701486570Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measuresHans-Peter Wiesinger0Hans-Peter Wiesinger1Hans-Peter Wiesinger2Will G. Hopkins3Nils Haller4Nils Haller5Julia Blumkaitis6Tilmann Strepp7Thomas Leonhard Stöggl8Thomas Leonhard Stöggl9Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, AustriaInstitute of Nursing Science and Practice, Center for Public Health and Healthcare Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, AustriaInstitute of General Practice, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health and Healthcare Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, AustriaInternet Society for Sport Science, Auckland, New ZealandDepartment of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, AustriaDepartment of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, AustriaDepartment of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, AustriaDepartment of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, AustriaRed Bull Athlete Performance Center, Thalgau, AustriaIntroductionOur recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) causes a range of mean changes in various measures and predictors of endurance and sprint performance in athletes. Here, we extend the analyses to relationships between mean changes of these measures and consider implications for understanding and improving HIIT that were not apparent in the previous analyses.MethodsThe data were mean changes from HIIT with highly trained endurance and elite other (mainly team sport) athletes in studies where two or more measures or predictors of performance were available. Relationships between changes in pairs of measures were visualized in scatterplots with points identified by aerobic and anaerobic types of HIIT; simple linear relationships were quantified via log-transformation of factor changes with a meta-regression mixed model.ResultsIn endurance athletes, there were positive linear relationships between mean changes in time-trial speed/power (reflecting competition endurance performance) and mean changes in endurance performance predictors [peak speed/power, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and aerobic/anaerobic threshold]. There were substantial differences in time-trial speed/power between studies not explained by each predictor. Exercise economy had an unclear relationship with time-trial speed/power but a decisively negative relationship with V̇O2max. In other athletes, repeated-sprint ability had a weak positive relationship with sprint speed/power. The scatter of points in some plots was associated with the type of HIIT.DiscussionDifferences in time-trial performance between studies for a given change in peak speed/power, V̇O2max, or threshold speed/power imply that time trials should be included when assessing effects of HIIT on endurance performance. Relationships between V̇O2max, time-trial speed/power, and exercise economy suggest that combining aerobic and anaerobic types of HIIT could be more effective for endurance performance. Sprints and repeated-sprint ability are important performance measures for team-sport athletes; their poor relationship implies that both should be measured when assessing HIIT.Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1486570/fullmeta-analysesenduranceteam sportselite athletesmediation |
| spellingShingle | Hans-Peter Wiesinger Hans-Peter Wiesinger Hans-Peter Wiesinger Will G. Hopkins Nils Haller Nils Haller Julia Blumkaitis Tilmann Strepp Thomas Leonhard Stöggl Thomas Leonhard Stöggl Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures Frontiers in Physiology meta-analyses endurance team sports elite athletes mediation |
| title | Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures |
| title_full | Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures |
| title_fullStr | Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures |
| title_short | Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures |
| title_sort | meta analyses of the effects of high intensity interval training in elite athletes part ii relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures |
| topic | meta-analyses endurance team sports elite athletes mediation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1486570/full |
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