Association of α-klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in American adults with depression: a national prospective cohort study

Abstract This study examines α-klotho levels in depressed American adults and their association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2016) and mortality details from the National Death Index up to December...

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Main Authors: Jiayu Zhao, Tong Zhou, Yang Jing, Jiarui Shao, Cailin Xie, Yingying Huang, Tian Long, Jiaming Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2024-12-01
Series:Translational Psychiatry
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-024-03215-0
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author Jiayu Zhao
Tong Zhou
Yang Jing
Jiarui Shao
Cailin Xie
Yingying Huang
Tian Long
Jiaming Luo
author_facet Jiayu Zhao
Tong Zhou
Yang Jing
Jiarui Shao
Cailin Xie
Yingying Huang
Tian Long
Jiaming Luo
author_sort Jiayu Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study examines α-klotho levels in depressed American adults and their association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2016) and mortality details from the National Death Index up to December 31, 2019. Including 3329 participants with depression, findings revealed 485 all-cause and 113 cardiovascular deaths. To investigate the nonlinear association between α-klotho and mortality, the Cox proportional hazards regression model, restricted cubic splines, and two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model were developed. Analyzes indicated an “L-shaped” relationship between ln-transformed α-klotho levels and all-cause mortality, with a significant threshold effect at 6.53 ln(pg/ml). Below this threshold, ln-transformed α-klotho levels were inversely related to all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.33, 95%CI = 0.19–0.56), with no significant association above it (adjusted HR 1.41, 95%CI = 0.84–2.36). Cardiovascular mortality showed no link to α-klotho levels. Subgroup analysis shown that, the association between ln-transformed α-klotho concentration and all-cause mortality was consistent in subgroups according to gender, age, BMI, race, and depression(adjusted P > 0.05). The study uncovers a non-linear “L-shaped” association between ln-transformed α-klotho levels and all-cause mortality in depressed individuals, suggesting α-klotho assessment as a tool for identifying high-risk patients and guiding preventive strategies to enhance survival.
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spelling doaj-art-ab7b38a5f3a044a19badacdbb1df995d2024-12-29T12:48:25ZengNature Publishing GroupTranslational Psychiatry2158-31882024-12-011411910.1038/s41398-024-03215-0Association of α-klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in American adults with depression: a national prospective cohort studyJiayu Zhao0Tong Zhou1Yang Jing2Jiarui Shao3Cailin Xie4Yingying Huang5Tian Long6Jiaming Luo7Department of Xiaolong Internal Medicine, Nanchong Psychosomatic HospitalDepartment of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeDepartment of Xiaolong Internal Medicine, Nanchong Psychosomatic HospitalSchool of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical CollegeSchool of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical CollegeDepartment of Xiaolong Internal Medicine, Nanchong Psychosomatic HospitalDepartment of Information and Equipment Dept, Nanchong Psychosomatic HospitalSchool of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical CollegeAbstract This study examines α-klotho levels in depressed American adults and their association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2016) and mortality details from the National Death Index up to December 31, 2019. Including 3329 participants with depression, findings revealed 485 all-cause and 113 cardiovascular deaths. To investigate the nonlinear association between α-klotho and mortality, the Cox proportional hazards regression model, restricted cubic splines, and two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model were developed. Analyzes indicated an “L-shaped” relationship between ln-transformed α-klotho levels and all-cause mortality, with a significant threshold effect at 6.53 ln(pg/ml). Below this threshold, ln-transformed α-klotho levels were inversely related to all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.33, 95%CI = 0.19–0.56), with no significant association above it (adjusted HR 1.41, 95%CI = 0.84–2.36). Cardiovascular mortality showed no link to α-klotho levels. Subgroup analysis shown that, the association between ln-transformed α-klotho concentration and all-cause mortality was consistent in subgroups according to gender, age, BMI, race, and depression(adjusted P > 0.05). The study uncovers a non-linear “L-shaped” association between ln-transformed α-klotho levels and all-cause mortality in depressed individuals, suggesting α-klotho assessment as a tool for identifying high-risk patients and guiding preventive strategies to enhance survival.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-024-03215-0
spellingShingle Jiayu Zhao
Tong Zhou
Yang Jing
Jiarui Shao
Cailin Xie
Yingying Huang
Tian Long
Jiaming Luo
Association of α-klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in American adults with depression: a national prospective cohort study
Translational Psychiatry
title Association of α-klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in American adults with depression: a national prospective cohort study
title_full Association of α-klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in American adults with depression: a national prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Association of α-klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in American adults with depression: a national prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Association of α-klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in American adults with depression: a national prospective cohort study
title_short Association of α-klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in American adults with depression: a national prospective cohort study
title_sort association of α klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all cause mortality in american adults with depression a national prospective cohort study
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-024-03215-0
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