An effective approach for water pollution remediation and structural-optical analysis of gamma-irradiated flufenamic acid
The escalating presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating the exploration of innovative remediation strategies. Flufenamic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug and widely used analgesic, is recognized as an e...
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| author | N.C. Prachalith Bibi Raza Khanam Basavaraj Angadi H.M. Suresh Kumar Pravin Kumar Birendra Singh U.V. Khadke |
| author_facet | N.C. Prachalith Bibi Raza Khanam Basavaraj Angadi H.M. Suresh Kumar Pravin Kumar Birendra Singh U.V. Khadke |
| author_sort | N.C. Prachalith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The escalating presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating the exploration of innovative remediation strategies. Flufenamic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug and widely used analgesic, is recognized as an emerging contaminant due to its incomplete removal in conventional wastewater treatment processes. This research investigates the impact of high-energy gamma irradiation on the structural and optical properties of flufenamic acid to evaluate its potential for water purification and the development of novel chemo-sensors. Flufenamic acid samples were subjected to varying doses of gamma irradiation (0, 25, 50, and 75 kGy) from a 60Co source, and the resulting structural and optical modifications were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed irradiation-induced structural modifications, including a transformation from Form I to Form II, in addition to the changes in lattice parameters, crystallite size, dislocation density, and lattice strain. These modifications were further validated by FTIR spectroscopy and Raman scattering, revealing significant alterations in FLA’s optical properties, as evidenced by UV-absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy. Notably, the 25 kGy. Irradiated sample exhibited enhanced Urbach energy, indicating increased disorder and chain scissoring, while its lowest absorbance suggested material degradation. Despite these structural changes, the optical energy band gap, derived from Tauc plots, remained unchanged within error bars across all doses. Moreover, a new fluorescence peak at ∼518 nm appeared, attributed to oxygen-related defects. These dose-dependent modifications in FLA’s structure and photoluminescence properties highlight its potential for water purification and the development of a new class of chemo-sensors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab47a7dba4e149378bfb2e711b977aed |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2949-8228 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Next Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab47a7dba4e149378bfb2e711b977aed2025-08-20T02:35:46ZengElsevierNext Materials2949-82282025-07-01810081510.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100815An effective approach for water pollution remediation and structural-optical analysis of gamma-irradiated flufenamic acidN.C. Prachalith0Bibi Raza Khanam1Basavaraj Angadi2H.M. Suresh Kumar3Pravin Kumar4Birendra Singh5U.V. Khadke6Department of Physics, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari 583105, IndiaDepartment of Physics, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari 583105, IndiaDepartment of Physics, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056, IndiaDepartment of Physics, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru 572103, IndiaInter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi 110067, IndiaInter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi 110067, IndiaDepartment of Physics, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari 583105, India; Corresponding author.The escalating presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating the exploration of innovative remediation strategies. Flufenamic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug and widely used analgesic, is recognized as an emerging contaminant due to its incomplete removal in conventional wastewater treatment processes. This research investigates the impact of high-energy gamma irradiation on the structural and optical properties of flufenamic acid to evaluate its potential for water purification and the development of novel chemo-sensors. Flufenamic acid samples were subjected to varying doses of gamma irradiation (0, 25, 50, and 75 kGy) from a 60Co source, and the resulting structural and optical modifications were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed irradiation-induced structural modifications, including a transformation from Form I to Form II, in addition to the changes in lattice parameters, crystallite size, dislocation density, and lattice strain. These modifications were further validated by FTIR spectroscopy and Raman scattering, revealing significant alterations in FLA’s optical properties, as evidenced by UV-absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy. Notably, the 25 kGy. Irradiated sample exhibited enhanced Urbach energy, indicating increased disorder and chain scissoring, while its lowest absorbance suggested material degradation. Despite these structural changes, the optical energy band gap, derived from Tauc plots, remained unchanged within error bars across all doses. Moreover, a new fluorescence peak at ∼518 nm appeared, attributed to oxygen-related defects. These dose-dependent modifications in FLA’s structure and photoluminescence properties highlight its potential for water purification and the development of a new class of chemo-sensors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822825003338Flufenamic acidγ- irradiationStructuralEnergy gapDegradationPolymorphism |
| spellingShingle | N.C. Prachalith Bibi Raza Khanam Basavaraj Angadi H.M. Suresh Kumar Pravin Kumar Birendra Singh U.V. Khadke An effective approach for water pollution remediation and structural-optical analysis of gamma-irradiated flufenamic acid Next Materials Flufenamic acid γ- irradiation Structural Energy gap Degradation Polymorphism |
| title | An effective approach for water pollution remediation and structural-optical analysis of gamma-irradiated flufenamic acid |
| title_full | An effective approach for water pollution remediation and structural-optical analysis of gamma-irradiated flufenamic acid |
| title_fullStr | An effective approach for water pollution remediation and structural-optical analysis of gamma-irradiated flufenamic acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | An effective approach for water pollution remediation and structural-optical analysis of gamma-irradiated flufenamic acid |
| title_short | An effective approach for water pollution remediation and structural-optical analysis of gamma-irradiated flufenamic acid |
| title_sort | effective approach for water pollution remediation and structural optical analysis of gamma irradiated flufenamic acid |
| topic | Flufenamic acid γ- irradiation Structural Energy gap Degradation Polymorphism |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822825003338 |
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