Novel transferosome formulation of Vemurafenib for skin cancer management: biocompatible and scalable strategies

Abstract Due to challenges such as poor aqueous solubility and compromised oral bioavailability, delivering Vemurafenib via a topical route using a scalable and biocompatible carrier-based hydrogel. This study aims to develop and characterize Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomes for the management of s...

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Main Authors: Tariq M. Aljarba, Aftab Alam, Ahmed Farag El Kirdasy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00671-5
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author Tariq M. Aljarba
Aftab Alam
Ahmed Farag El Kirdasy
author_facet Tariq M. Aljarba
Aftab Alam
Ahmed Farag El Kirdasy
author_sort Tariq M. Aljarba
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Due to challenges such as poor aqueous solubility and compromised oral bioavailability, delivering Vemurafenib via a topical route using a scalable and biocompatible carrier-based hydrogel. This study aims to develop and characterize Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomes for the management of skin cancer. A Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel was developed and thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, dermatokinetic parameters, entrapment efficiency, stability assessment, in vitro release study, vesicle elasticity examination, and antioxidant assays. The in vitro release of formulations was analyzed using four models: Korsmeyer, Higuchi, first-order, and zero-order models. The transferosomes exhibited a typical size of 105 nm, with a zeta size of 106.31 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.2417. Among the models investigated for in vitro release analysis, the Higuchi model was found to be the most suitable for the transferosome formulation. Compared to the standard formulation, the Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel achieved a significantly higher concentration of 140.45 µg/ml on the skin epidermis within just 1.5 h. Additionally, in two hours, the Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel resulted in a greater concentration of 118.52 µg/ml in the skin dermis, surpassing the usual formulation. Furthermore, the group receiving twice-daily administration of Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel exhibited minimal hyperkeratosis compared to other treatment groups. The (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay showed a higher A-431 cell lines inhibition under vemurafenib Hydrogel formulation, i.e., 78.28%. This study offers compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the Vemurafenib transferosomal gel, demonstrating its enhanced skin absorption. The formulation shows considerable promise for further research and potential clinical application in skin cancer treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-ab384f283e0843f5aa4c0d92971be1a52025-08-24T11:45:34ZengSpringerOpenBeni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences2314-85432025-08-0114112210.1186/s43088-025-00671-5Novel transferosome formulation of Vemurafenib for skin cancer management: biocompatible and scalable strategiesTariq M. Aljarba0Aftab Alam1Ahmed Farag El Kirdasy2Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat CityAbstract Due to challenges such as poor aqueous solubility and compromised oral bioavailability, delivering Vemurafenib via a topical route using a scalable and biocompatible carrier-based hydrogel. This study aims to develop and characterize Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomes for the management of skin cancer. A Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel was developed and thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, dermatokinetic parameters, entrapment efficiency, stability assessment, in vitro release study, vesicle elasticity examination, and antioxidant assays. The in vitro release of formulations was analyzed using four models: Korsmeyer, Higuchi, first-order, and zero-order models. The transferosomes exhibited a typical size of 105 nm, with a zeta size of 106.31 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.2417. Among the models investigated for in vitro release analysis, the Higuchi model was found to be the most suitable for the transferosome formulation. Compared to the standard formulation, the Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel achieved a significantly higher concentration of 140.45 µg/ml on the skin epidermis within just 1.5 h. Additionally, in two hours, the Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel resulted in a greater concentration of 118.52 µg/ml in the skin dermis, surpassing the usual formulation. Furthermore, the group receiving twice-daily administration of Vemurafenib-loaded transferosomal gel exhibited minimal hyperkeratosis compared to other treatment groups. The (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay showed a higher A-431 cell lines inhibition under vemurafenib Hydrogel formulation, i.e., 78.28%. This study offers compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the Vemurafenib transferosomal gel, demonstrating its enhanced skin absorption. The formulation shows considerable promise for further research and potential clinical application in skin cancer treatment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00671-5Skin cancerVemurafenibTransferosomal gelNanocarrierTopical drug deliveryHyperkeratosis
spellingShingle Tariq M. Aljarba
Aftab Alam
Ahmed Farag El Kirdasy
Novel transferosome formulation of Vemurafenib for skin cancer management: biocompatible and scalable strategies
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
Skin cancer
Vemurafenib
Transferosomal gel
Nanocarrier
Topical drug delivery
Hyperkeratosis
title Novel transferosome formulation of Vemurafenib for skin cancer management: biocompatible and scalable strategies
title_full Novel transferosome formulation of Vemurafenib for skin cancer management: biocompatible and scalable strategies
title_fullStr Novel transferosome formulation of Vemurafenib for skin cancer management: biocompatible and scalable strategies
title_full_unstemmed Novel transferosome formulation of Vemurafenib for skin cancer management: biocompatible and scalable strategies
title_short Novel transferosome formulation of Vemurafenib for skin cancer management: biocompatible and scalable strategies
title_sort novel transferosome formulation of vemurafenib for skin cancer management biocompatible and scalable strategies
topic Skin cancer
Vemurafenib
Transferosomal gel
Nanocarrier
Topical drug delivery
Hyperkeratosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00671-5
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AT ahmedfaragelkirdasy noveltransferosomeformulationofvemurafenibforskincancermanagementbiocompatibleandscalablestrategies