The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders: results from the multicentre study on the Italian population “COVID-19 and Mental Health” (CoMeH)

Abstract Aim To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders, with a focus on the patients’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and/or the diagnostic group and type of admission. Methods Open cohort of individuals aged ≥ 10 years resident fo...

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Main Authors: Massimiliano Aragona, Martina Ventura, Roberta Ciampichini, Anteo Di Napoli, Valeria Fano, Sara Leone, Martina Pacifici, Claudio Rosini, Caterina Silvestri, Fabio Voller, Alberto Zucchi, Christian Napoli, Alessio Petrelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07076-9
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author Massimiliano Aragona
Martina Ventura
Roberta Ciampichini
Anteo Di Napoli
Valeria Fano
Sara Leone
Martina Pacifici
Claudio Rosini
Caterina Silvestri
Fabio Voller
Alberto Zucchi
Christian Napoli
Alessio Petrelli
author_facet Massimiliano Aragona
Martina Ventura
Roberta Ciampichini
Anteo Di Napoli
Valeria Fano
Sara Leone
Martina Pacifici
Claudio Rosini
Caterina Silvestri
Fabio Voller
Alberto Zucchi
Christian Napoli
Alessio Petrelli
author_sort Massimiliano Aragona
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aim To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders, with a focus on the patients’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and/or the diagnostic group and type of admission. Methods Open cohort of individuals aged ≥ 10 years resident for at least two years in one of three large areas of Italy, covering about 6 million inhabitants (nearly 10% of the entire population). The outcome was the first admission for a psychiatric disorder (First Mental Health Admission: FMHA) during the study period (January 2018–December 2021). Municipality of residence, sex, census tract deprivation index, citizenship, type of admission and the diagnostic group were considered as covariates of interest. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of FMHAs were estimated via an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis using a step-change negative binomial model. Moreover, an ITS analysis was conducted on the monthly number of FMHAs to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the temporal trend of FMHAs. Results Of the 5,159,363 subjects enrolled, 11,171 had an FMHA in the study period. The incidence of FMHAs decreased after the outbreak of the pandemic, overall (from 0.169/100,000 to 0.147/100,000) and by sex, deprivation level and citizenship. Immigrants from high migration pressure countries (HMPCs) had a greater reduction in FMHAs during COVID-19 (IRR: 0.91, p < 0.01). A decrease in FMHAs was observed for all diagnoses, the only exceptions being for post-traumatic stress and related disorders, which increased. Involuntary admissions also increased abruptly at the outbreak of the pandemic (from pre-COVID IRR 0.98 to 1.32). Younger age (< 34) and high deprivation level were associated with higher risk of hospitalization. In the following post-outbreak period (March 2020-December 2021), a moderate but significant growing trend of FMHAs was observed, although not reaching the pre-pandemic levels. A more robust increase was found especially for patients with eating disorders, while FMHAs for patients with post-traumatic stress and related disorders decreased to the low pre-pandemic levels. Involuntary FMHAs also decreased in the post-outbreak period. Conclusions The pandemic had a considerable impact on hospitalizations for psychiatric disorders. Hospitalization rates generally decreased, especially among immigrants. Younger people and those with high socioeconomic deprivation had a higher risk of hospitalization. PTSD diagnoses increased but only for a short period, while eating disorders tended to increase in the post-COVID period. In general, the effect of COVID on mental health hospitalizations appeared temporary. Longer follow-up surveys are needed. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-aadc8f6cc32b4eaf8c29b8471e7f811a2025-08-20T03:37:38ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2025-07-0125111610.1186/s12888-025-07076-9The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders: results from the multicentre study on the Italian population “COVID-19 and Mental Health” (CoMeH)Massimiliano Aragona0Martina Ventura1Roberta Ciampichini2Anteo Di Napoli3Valeria Fano4Sara Leone5Martina Pacifici6Claudio Rosini7Caterina Silvestri8Fabio Voller9Alberto Zucchi10Christian Napoli11Alessio Petrelli12National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP)National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP)Health Protection Agency (ATS)National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP)Local Health Unit Roma 2National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP)Tuscany Regional Health Agency (ARS)Local Health Unit Roma 2Tuscany Regional Health Agency (ARS)Tuscany Regional Health Agency (ARS)Health Protection Agency (ATS)National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP)National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP)Abstract Aim To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders, with a focus on the patients’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and/or the diagnostic group and type of admission. Methods Open cohort of individuals aged ≥ 10 years resident for at least two years in one of three large areas of Italy, covering about 6 million inhabitants (nearly 10% of the entire population). The outcome was the first admission for a psychiatric disorder (First Mental Health Admission: FMHA) during the study period (January 2018–December 2021). Municipality of residence, sex, census tract deprivation index, citizenship, type of admission and the diagnostic group were considered as covariates of interest. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of FMHAs were estimated via an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis using a step-change negative binomial model. Moreover, an ITS analysis was conducted on the monthly number of FMHAs to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the temporal trend of FMHAs. Results Of the 5,159,363 subjects enrolled, 11,171 had an FMHA in the study period. The incidence of FMHAs decreased after the outbreak of the pandemic, overall (from 0.169/100,000 to 0.147/100,000) and by sex, deprivation level and citizenship. Immigrants from high migration pressure countries (HMPCs) had a greater reduction in FMHAs during COVID-19 (IRR: 0.91, p < 0.01). A decrease in FMHAs was observed for all diagnoses, the only exceptions being for post-traumatic stress and related disorders, which increased. Involuntary admissions also increased abruptly at the outbreak of the pandemic (from pre-COVID IRR 0.98 to 1.32). Younger age (< 34) and high deprivation level were associated with higher risk of hospitalization. In the following post-outbreak period (March 2020-December 2021), a moderate but significant growing trend of FMHAs was observed, although not reaching the pre-pandemic levels. A more robust increase was found especially for patients with eating disorders, while FMHAs for patients with post-traumatic stress and related disorders decreased to the low pre-pandemic levels. Involuntary FMHAs also decreased in the post-outbreak period. Conclusions The pandemic had a considerable impact on hospitalizations for psychiatric disorders. Hospitalization rates generally decreased, especially among immigrants. Younger people and those with high socioeconomic deprivation had a higher risk of hospitalization. PTSD diagnoses increased but only for a short period, while eating disorders tended to increase in the post-COVID period. In general, the effect of COVID on mental health hospitalizations appeared temporary. Longer follow-up surveys are needed. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07076-9Mental healthInpatientsPsychiatryEmigrants and immigrantsHospitalizationSocioeconomic factors
spellingShingle Massimiliano Aragona
Martina Ventura
Roberta Ciampichini
Anteo Di Napoli
Valeria Fano
Sara Leone
Martina Pacifici
Claudio Rosini
Caterina Silvestri
Fabio Voller
Alberto Zucchi
Christian Napoli
Alessio Petrelli
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders: results from the multicentre study on the Italian population “COVID-19 and Mental Health” (CoMeH)
BMC Psychiatry
Mental health
Inpatients
Psychiatry
Emigrants and immigrants
Hospitalization
Socioeconomic factors
title The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders: results from the multicentre study on the Italian population “COVID-19 and Mental Health” (CoMeH)
title_full The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders: results from the multicentre study on the Italian population “COVID-19 and Mental Health” (CoMeH)
title_fullStr The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders: results from the multicentre study on the Italian population “COVID-19 and Mental Health” (CoMeH)
title_full_unstemmed The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders: results from the multicentre study on the Italian population “COVID-19 and Mental Health” (CoMeH)
title_short The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders: results from the multicentre study on the Italian population “COVID-19 and Mental Health” (CoMeH)
title_sort impact of the covid 19 pandemic on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders results from the multicentre study on the italian population covid 19 and mental health comeh
topic Mental health
Inpatients
Psychiatry
Emigrants and immigrants
Hospitalization
Socioeconomic factors
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07076-9
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