The impact of refuges on Citrus orchards associated with arthropods in different agroecosystem in Malang, Indonesia
Pests are one of the constraints in citrus cultivation in Malang District, Indonesia, as they affect yield quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of visiting arthropods and their relationship with environmental parameters. Arthropods were observed in 4 replicates in monoc...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Cogent Food & Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2024.2448599 |
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| Summary: | Pests are one of the constraints in citrus cultivation in Malang District, Indonesia, as they affect yield quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of visiting arthropods and their relationship with environmental parameters. Arthropods were observed in 4 replicates in monoculture (control) and polyculture citrus orchards (July-December 2023). This study adopted three measures of Hill’s number (q = 0,1,2) to compare species diversity. Analyses were conducted using the R package (iNEXT) version 2.0.20. Pearson and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) tests examined the relationship between arthropod species and the environment. A total of 12,286 Arthropod individuals were observed, consisting of 11 orders, 74 families, and 168 species. There were 14% pollinating insects and 23% natural enemies obtained in the polyculture orchard. The most dominant herbivorous insect was Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with an Importance Value Index (IVI) of 32.53, the most common parasitoid was Cotesia congregate (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (IVI 37.06), and the most dominant pollinating insect was Apis melifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (IVI 58.82). The orders Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera play an important role in biodiversity and pest control. Temperature and wind speed significantly affect insect abundance. Polyculture systems have higher species richness and diversity indices than monocultures, thus supporting higher species diversity and more stable ecosystems. |
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| ISSN: | 2331-1932 |