Prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months: A multilevel analysis from rural Ethiopia
Abstract Low‐ and middle‐income countries shoulder the greatest burden of stunting and anaemia in children. This calls for prompt and effective intervention measures, while the contributing factors are not fully understood. This study evaluates determinants spanning from individual‐, household‐ and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Maternal and Child Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13736 |
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| author | Habtamu Guja Mariana Belgiu Kaleab Baye Alfred Stein |
| author_facet | Habtamu Guja Mariana Belgiu Kaleab Baye Alfred Stein |
| author_sort | Habtamu Guja |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Low‐ and middle‐income countries shoulder the greatest burden of stunting and anaemia in children. This calls for prompt and effective intervention measures, while the contributing factors are not fully understood. This study evaluates determinants spanning from individual‐, household‐ and community levels including agroecology and antinutrients as unique sets of predictors. Primary data were collected from 660 rural households representing the midland (ML), highland, and upper highland (UHL) agroecological zones from northern Ethiopia. The study relates several predictors to stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months. We found 49.1% and 49.7% of children were stunted and anaemic, respectively. Children living in the ML are approximately twice more likely to be stunted adjusted odds ratio (AOR: 1.869; 95% CI: 1.147–3.043) than in the UHL. The risk of stunting increases by 16.3% and 41.9% for every unit increase in phytate‐to‐zinc and phytate‐to‐iron molar ratios, respectively. A 10% increase in mean aggregated crop yield was observed to reduce the likelihood of stunting occurrence by 13.6%. Households lacking non‐farm income‐generating opportunities, travel longer time to access the marketplace and poor health service utilisation were associated with increased risk of stunting. Low diversity of child's diet, age of the child (18–23 months) and mothers at a younger age are significantly associated with stunting. Risk of anaemia in children is high amongst households with unimproved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices, younger age (6–11 months) and mostly occurs amongst boys. Children in the ML had a 55% reduced risk of being anaemic (AOR: 0.446; 95% CI: 0.273–0.728) as compared to the UHL. Therefore, the influence of these factors should be considered to tailor strategies for reducing undernutrition in children of 6–23 months in rural Ethiopia. Interventions should go beyond the administrative boundaries into targeting agroecological variation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a9a3a0c95fd44ad8893c95a90c79120a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1740-8695 1740-8709 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Maternal and Child Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-a9a3a0c95fd44ad8893c95a90c79120a2024-12-17T09:57:23ZengWileyMaternal and Child Nutrition1740-86951740-87092025-01-01211n/an/a10.1111/mcn.13736Prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months: A multilevel analysis from rural EthiopiaHabtamu Guja0Mariana Belgiu1Kaleab Baye2Alfred Stein3Faculty of Geo‐information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente Enschede The NetherlandsFaculty of Geo‐information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente Enschede The NetherlandsCenter for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa EthiopiaFaculty of Geo‐information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente Enschede The NetherlandsAbstract Low‐ and middle‐income countries shoulder the greatest burden of stunting and anaemia in children. This calls for prompt and effective intervention measures, while the contributing factors are not fully understood. This study evaluates determinants spanning from individual‐, household‐ and community levels including agroecology and antinutrients as unique sets of predictors. Primary data were collected from 660 rural households representing the midland (ML), highland, and upper highland (UHL) agroecological zones from northern Ethiopia. The study relates several predictors to stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months. We found 49.1% and 49.7% of children were stunted and anaemic, respectively. Children living in the ML are approximately twice more likely to be stunted adjusted odds ratio (AOR: 1.869; 95% CI: 1.147–3.043) than in the UHL. The risk of stunting increases by 16.3% and 41.9% for every unit increase in phytate‐to‐zinc and phytate‐to‐iron molar ratios, respectively. A 10% increase in mean aggregated crop yield was observed to reduce the likelihood of stunting occurrence by 13.6%. Households lacking non‐farm income‐generating opportunities, travel longer time to access the marketplace and poor health service utilisation were associated with increased risk of stunting. Low diversity of child's diet, age of the child (18–23 months) and mothers at a younger age are significantly associated with stunting. Risk of anaemia in children is high amongst households with unimproved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices, younger age (6–11 months) and mostly occurs amongst boys. Children in the ML had a 55% reduced risk of being anaemic (AOR: 0.446; 95% CI: 0.273–0.728) as compared to the UHL. Therefore, the influence of these factors should be considered to tailor strategies for reducing undernutrition in children of 6–23 months in rural Ethiopia. Interventions should go beyond the administrative boundaries into targeting agroecological variation.https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13736agroecologyanaemiachildren 6–23 monthsEthiopiamultilevel analysisstunting |
| spellingShingle | Habtamu Guja Mariana Belgiu Kaleab Baye Alfred Stein Prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months: A multilevel analysis from rural Ethiopia Maternal and Child Nutrition agroecology anaemia children 6–23 months Ethiopia multilevel analysis stunting |
| title | Prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months: A multilevel analysis from rural Ethiopia |
| title_full | Prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months: A multilevel analysis from rural Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months: A multilevel analysis from rural Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months: A multilevel analysis from rural Ethiopia |
| title_short | Prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6–23 months: A multilevel analysis from rural Ethiopia |
| title_sort | prevalence and determinants of stunting and anaemia in children aged 6 23 months a multilevel analysis from rural ethiopia |
| topic | agroecology anaemia children 6–23 months Ethiopia multilevel analysis stunting |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13736 |
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