Hepatic Transcriptomics of Broilers with Low and High Feed Conversion in Response to Caloric Restriction

Background: In broiler chickens, the efficient utilization of macro- and micronutrients is influenced by various metabolic pathways that are closely linked to feed efficiency (FE), a critical metric in poultry industry, with residual feed intake (RFI) as the preferred proxy. Feed restriction is cons...

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Main Authors: Adewunmi O. Omotoso, Henry Reyer, Michael Oster, Siriluck Ponsuksili, Barbara Metzler-Zebeli, Klaus Wimmers
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Metabolites
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/11/625
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author Adewunmi O. Omotoso
Henry Reyer
Michael Oster
Siriluck Ponsuksili
Barbara Metzler-Zebeli
Klaus Wimmers
author_facet Adewunmi O. Omotoso
Henry Reyer
Michael Oster
Siriluck Ponsuksili
Barbara Metzler-Zebeli
Klaus Wimmers
author_sort Adewunmi O. Omotoso
collection DOAJ
description Background: In broiler chickens, the efficient utilization of macro- and micronutrients is influenced by various metabolic pathways that are closely linked to feed efficiency (FE), a critical metric in poultry industry, with residual feed intake (RFI) as the preferred proxy. Feed restriction is considered an approach to address the underlying molecular mechanisms of feed conversion. We hypothesized that broiler chickens with divergent RFI subjected to quantitative feed restriction differ in their pattern of molecular pathways for efficient nutrient utilization in liver as post-absorptive tissue. Methods: Cobb 500FF broiler chickens divergent for RFI (<i>n</i> = 112) were feed-restricted from day 9 until market weight at day 33–37 post-hatch. Based on a previous trial, feed restriction levels were set at 92% (low-RFI birds) and 80% (high-RFI birds) relative to the control groups. Transcriptomic analyses of the liver were conducted. Results: Due to the interaction of the RFI group and feeding regimen, a total of 140 to 507 differentially expressed genes were identified for the respective contrasts, with implications for hepatic metabolism and cellular stress response. Although the broilers did not realize their full growth potential under restrictive feeding (12.4% reduced body weight vs. controls, <i>p</i> = 0.094), the gene expression patterns indicate a lower susceptibility to blood coagulation (<i>KNG1</i>, <i>FGG</i>, and <i>FGB</i>), suggesting that controlled and mild feed restriction could lead to health benefits in less feed-efficient broilers. Moreover, FE traits are shown to be linked to cellular detoxification processes (<i>MGST3</i> and <i>CYP2AC2</i>) and triacylglycerol syntheses (<i>MOGAT1</i> and LPIN1). Conclusions: Divergent transcriptional profiles between broiler groups under varied caloric conditions indicate potential for optimizing nutritional management strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-a98e9ddb86684aa1a1642bf341e5ceb92024-11-26T18:13:12ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892024-11-01141162510.3390/metabo14110625Hepatic Transcriptomics of Broilers with Low and High Feed Conversion in Response to Caloric RestrictionAdewunmi O. Omotoso0Henry Reyer1Michael Oster2Siriluck Ponsuksili3Barbara Metzler-Zebeli4Klaus Wimmers5Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, GermanyResearch Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, GermanyResearch Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, GermanyResearch Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, GermanyCentre for Veterinary Systems Transformation and Sustainability, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, GermanyBackground: In broiler chickens, the efficient utilization of macro- and micronutrients is influenced by various metabolic pathways that are closely linked to feed efficiency (FE), a critical metric in poultry industry, with residual feed intake (RFI) as the preferred proxy. Feed restriction is considered an approach to address the underlying molecular mechanisms of feed conversion. We hypothesized that broiler chickens with divergent RFI subjected to quantitative feed restriction differ in their pattern of molecular pathways for efficient nutrient utilization in liver as post-absorptive tissue. Methods: Cobb 500FF broiler chickens divergent for RFI (<i>n</i> = 112) were feed-restricted from day 9 until market weight at day 33–37 post-hatch. Based on a previous trial, feed restriction levels were set at 92% (low-RFI birds) and 80% (high-RFI birds) relative to the control groups. Transcriptomic analyses of the liver were conducted. Results: Due to the interaction of the RFI group and feeding regimen, a total of 140 to 507 differentially expressed genes were identified for the respective contrasts, with implications for hepatic metabolism and cellular stress response. Although the broilers did not realize their full growth potential under restrictive feeding (12.4% reduced body weight vs. controls, <i>p</i> = 0.094), the gene expression patterns indicate a lower susceptibility to blood coagulation (<i>KNG1</i>, <i>FGG</i>, and <i>FGB</i>), suggesting that controlled and mild feed restriction could lead to health benefits in less feed-efficient broilers. Moreover, FE traits are shown to be linked to cellular detoxification processes (<i>MGST3</i> and <i>CYP2AC2</i>) and triacylglycerol syntheses (<i>MOGAT1</i> and LPIN1). Conclusions: Divergent transcriptional profiles between broiler groups under varied caloric conditions indicate potential for optimizing nutritional management strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/11/625meat-type chickenresource allocationrestrictive feedingmRNA profilinghepatic metabolism
spellingShingle Adewunmi O. Omotoso
Henry Reyer
Michael Oster
Siriluck Ponsuksili
Barbara Metzler-Zebeli
Klaus Wimmers
Hepatic Transcriptomics of Broilers with Low and High Feed Conversion in Response to Caloric Restriction
Metabolites
meat-type chicken
resource allocation
restrictive feeding
mRNA profiling
hepatic metabolism
title Hepatic Transcriptomics of Broilers with Low and High Feed Conversion in Response to Caloric Restriction
title_full Hepatic Transcriptomics of Broilers with Low and High Feed Conversion in Response to Caloric Restriction
title_fullStr Hepatic Transcriptomics of Broilers with Low and High Feed Conversion in Response to Caloric Restriction
title_full_unstemmed Hepatic Transcriptomics of Broilers with Low and High Feed Conversion in Response to Caloric Restriction
title_short Hepatic Transcriptomics of Broilers with Low and High Feed Conversion in Response to Caloric Restriction
title_sort hepatic transcriptomics of broilers with low and high feed conversion in response to caloric restriction
topic meat-type chicken
resource allocation
restrictive feeding
mRNA profiling
hepatic metabolism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/11/625
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