Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolates Circulating in Mosquitoes from Pig and Sheep Farms in Shanghai, China
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is regarded as an emerging and reemerging pathogen that is a primary cause of viral encephalitis in humans. However, there is a scarcity of research on the prevalence of JEV genotypes across the different mosquito species in Shanghai. In this study, the diversity of...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Hailong Zhang Dan Li Jiayang Zheng Yan Zhang Zongjie Li Ke Liu Beibei Li Yafeng Qiu Donghua Shao Soesoe Wai Jianchao Wei Zhiyong Ma Juxiang Liu |
| author_facet | Hailong Zhang Dan Li Jiayang Zheng Yan Zhang Zongjie Li Ke Liu Beibei Li Yafeng Qiu Donghua Shao Soesoe Wai Jianchao Wei Zhiyong Ma Juxiang Liu |
| author_sort | Hailong Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is regarded as an emerging and reemerging pathogen that is a primary cause of viral encephalitis in humans. However, there is a scarcity of research on the prevalence of JEV genotypes across the different mosquito species in Shanghai. In this study, the diversity of mosquito species and prevalence of JEV in pig and sheep farms in Shanghai were surveyed in 2022. A total of 24,073 mosquitoes, belonging to four genera and seven species, were collected from pig and sheep enclosures in the Chongming, Jiading, Pudong, Fengxian, and Jinshan Districts of Shanghai. <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> was identified as the predominant species (87.09%, 20,965/24,073) with the highest JEV detection rate. Six strains of JEV were isolated in this study, and genetic analysis revealed that five strains (SH22-M5, SH22-M9, SH22-M14, SH22-M41, and SH22-M52) belonged to genotype I (GI), while one strain (SH22-M1) was classified as genotype III (GIII). The sequence homology was highest between SH22-M9 and SD-1 (99.87%) and between SH22-M14 and SD12 (99.53%). SH22-M5, SH22-M41, and SH22-M52 shared the highest sequence homology with the HEN07011 strain (99.73–99.93%). SH22-M1 was most closely related to SH18, with a sequence homology of 99.8%. Additionally, for the first time, the GI JEV strain was isolated from mosquitoes in sheep sties in this study. The findings highlight the necessity of enhancing the surveillance of JEV in pigs and other livestock farms, including sheep, as well as monitoring the mosquitoes present in these environments. It is recommended that livestock farming areas be kept separate from human habitation to reduce the risk of JEV infections in humans. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a96799e4877b4e17bdd6f51ffaca8cd3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-a96799e4877b4e17bdd6f51ffaca8cd32024-12-27T14:05:48ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-12-011424365310.3390/ani14243653Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolates Circulating in Mosquitoes from Pig and Sheep Farms in Shanghai, ChinaHailong Zhang0Dan Li1Jiayang Zheng2Yan Zhang3Zongjie Li4Ke Liu5Beibei Li6Yafeng Qiu7Donghua Shao8Soesoe Wai9Jianchao Wei10Zhiyong Ma11Juxiang Liu12College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin 15013, MyanmarShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is regarded as an emerging and reemerging pathogen that is a primary cause of viral encephalitis in humans. However, there is a scarcity of research on the prevalence of JEV genotypes across the different mosquito species in Shanghai. In this study, the diversity of mosquito species and prevalence of JEV in pig and sheep farms in Shanghai were surveyed in 2022. A total of 24,073 mosquitoes, belonging to four genera and seven species, were collected from pig and sheep enclosures in the Chongming, Jiading, Pudong, Fengxian, and Jinshan Districts of Shanghai. <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> was identified as the predominant species (87.09%, 20,965/24,073) with the highest JEV detection rate. Six strains of JEV were isolated in this study, and genetic analysis revealed that five strains (SH22-M5, SH22-M9, SH22-M14, SH22-M41, and SH22-M52) belonged to genotype I (GI), while one strain (SH22-M1) was classified as genotype III (GIII). The sequence homology was highest between SH22-M9 and SD-1 (99.87%) and between SH22-M14 and SD12 (99.53%). SH22-M5, SH22-M41, and SH22-M52 shared the highest sequence homology with the HEN07011 strain (99.73–99.93%). SH22-M1 was most closely related to SH18, with a sequence homology of 99.8%. Additionally, for the first time, the GI JEV strain was isolated from mosquitoes in sheep sties in this study. The findings highlight the necessity of enhancing the surveillance of JEV in pigs and other livestock farms, including sheep, as well as monitoring the mosquitoes present in these environments. It is recommended that livestock farming areas be kept separate from human habitation to reduce the risk of JEV infections in humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3653Japanese encephalitis virus<i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i><i>Anopheles sinensis</i>phylogenetic analysisShanghai |
| spellingShingle | Hailong Zhang Dan Li Jiayang Zheng Yan Zhang Zongjie Li Ke Liu Beibei Li Yafeng Qiu Donghua Shao Soesoe Wai Jianchao Wei Zhiyong Ma Juxiang Liu Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolates Circulating in Mosquitoes from Pig and Sheep Farms in Shanghai, China Animals Japanese encephalitis virus <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> <i>Anopheles sinensis</i> phylogenetic analysis Shanghai |
| title | Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolates Circulating in Mosquitoes from Pig and Sheep Farms in Shanghai, China |
| title_full | Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolates Circulating in Mosquitoes from Pig and Sheep Farms in Shanghai, China |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolates Circulating in Mosquitoes from Pig and Sheep Farms in Shanghai, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolates Circulating in Mosquitoes from Pig and Sheep Farms in Shanghai, China |
| title_short | Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolates Circulating in Mosquitoes from Pig and Sheep Farms in Shanghai, China |
| title_sort | genetic characterization of japanese encephalitis virus isolates circulating in mosquitoes from pig and sheep farms in shanghai china |
| topic | Japanese encephalitis virus <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> <i>Anopheles sinensis</i> phylogenetic analysis Shanghai |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3653 |
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