A stepped care approach to mental health in Singapore: challenges and opportunities

Abstract The Stepped Care Model (SCM) has emerged as an effective approach to delivering mental health services, organizing care in a hierarchical manner from low- to high-intensity interventions. Singapore’s adaptation, the Tiered Care Model, aligns with the SCM principles and addresses the nation’...

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Main Authors: Crystal Yun See Lee, Daniel Shuen Sheng Fung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Global and Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00196-0
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author Crystal Yun See Lee
Daniel Shuen Sheng Fung
author_facet Crystal Yun See Lee
Daniel Shuen Sheng Fung
author_sort Crystal Yun See Lee
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Stepped Care Model (SCM) has emerged as an effective approach to delivering mental health services, organizing care in a hierarchical manner from low- to high-intensity interventions. Singapore’s adaptation, the Tiered Care Model, aligns with the SCM principles and addresses the nation’s unique mental health challenges. This paper explores Singapore’s implementation of the Tiered Care Model, emphasizing how it addresses mental health needs through a patient-centered, community-based approach. The model leverages four levels of care—ranging from mental well-being promotion to high-intensity specialist interventions—ensuring individuals receive the right level of support. A key pillar of the Tiered Care Model is collaboration with community partners, which is vital for the success of the lower tiers focused on prevention, early intervention, and moderate-intensity support. Building trust with community partners is essential and requires strong governance, clear guidelines, capability building, and technological integration. In addition, the model faces challenges, including the complexity of mental health disorders, fragmentation in care delivery, and the need for adaptive, data-driven approaches. Effective care coordination and digital solutions are necessary to streamline referrals, track outcomes, and ensure continuity of care. As Singapore continues to refine its Tiered Care Model, collaboration and trust among stakeholders will be critical to establishing a resilient mental health ecosystem, enabling individuals to access timely and appropriate support.
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spelling doaj-art-a8fb92ef5e80419b95feabae5e3ae3ee2025-08-24T11:58:33ZengBMCBMC Global and Public Health2731-913X2025-08-01311810.1186/s44263-025-00196-0A stepped care approach to mental health in Singapore: challenges and opportunitiesCrystal Yun See Lee0Daniel Shuen Sheng Fung1Ministry of Health Holdings Singapore, 1, North Buona Vista Link Institute of Mental HealthAbstract The Stepped Care Model (SCM) has emerged as an effective approach to delivering mental health services, organizing care in a hierarchical manner from low- to high-intensity interventions. Singapore’s adaptation, the Tiered Care Model, aligns with the SCM principles and addresses the nation’s unique mental health challenges. This paper explores Singapore’s implementation of the Tiered Care Model, emphasizing how it addresses mental health needs through a patient-centered, community-based approach. The model leverages four levels of care—ranging from mental well-being promotion to high-intensity specialist interventions—ensuring individuals receive the right level of support. A key pillar of the Tiered Care Model is collaboration with community partners, which is vital for the success of the lower tiers focused on prevention, early intervention, and moderate-intensity support. Building trust with community partners is essential and requires strong governance, clear guidelines, capability building, and technological integration. In addition, the model faces challenges, including the complexity of mental health disorders, fragmentation in care delivery, and the need for adaptive, data-driven approaches. Effective care coordination and digital solutions are necessary to streamline referrals, track outcomes, and ensure continuity of care. As Singapore continues to refine its Tiered Care Model, collaboration and trust among stakeholders will be critical to establishing a resilient mental health ecosystem, enabling individuals to access timely and appropriate support.https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00196-0Stepped Care ModelMental health policySingaporeCommunity-based carePopulation health
spellingShingle Crystal Yun See Lee
Daniel Shuen Sheng Fung
A stepped care approach to mental health in Singapore: challenges and opportunities
BMC Global and Public Health
Stepped Care Model
Mental health policy
Singapore
Community-based care
Population health
title A stepped care approach to mental health in Singapore: challenges and opportunities
title_full A stepped care approach to mental health in Singapore: challenges and opportunities
title_fullStr A stepped care approach to mental health in Singapore: challenges and opportunities
title_full_unstemmed A stepped care approach to mental health in Singapore: challenges and opportunities
title_short A stepped care approach to mental health in Singapore: challenges and opportunities
title_sort stepped care approach to mental health in singapore challenges and opportunities
topic Stepped Care Model
Mental health policy
Singapore
Community-based care
Population health
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00196-0
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