Reduced cross-protective potential of Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronaviruses

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of vaccines and preparedness against viral threats crossing species barriers. In response, a worldwide vaccination campaign targeting SARS-CoV-2 was implemented, which provides some cross-protective immunological memory to other coronaviru...

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Main Authors: Tyler M. Renner, Matthew Stuible, Brian Cass, Sylvie Perret, Julie Guimond, Simon Lord-Dufour, Michael J. McCluskie, Yves Durocher, Bassel Akache
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:npj Viruses
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-024-00067-9
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author Tyler M. Renner
Matthew Stuible
Brian Cass
Sylvie Perret
Julie Guimond
Simon Lord-Dufour
Michael J. McCluskie
Yves Durocher
Bassel Akache
author_facet Tyler M. Renner
Matthew Stuible
Brian Cass
Sylvie Perret
Julie Guimond
Simon Lord-Dufour
Michael J. McCluskie
Yves Durocher
Bassel Akache
author_sort Tyler M. Renner
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of vaccines and preparedness against viral threats crossing species barriers. In response, a worldwide vaccination campaign targeting SARS-CoV-2 was implemented, which provides some cross-protective immunological memory to other coronavirus species with zoonotic potential. Following a vaccination regimen against SARS-CoV-2 spike in a preclinical mouse model, we were able to demonstrate the induction of neutralizing antibodies towards multiple human ACE2 (hACE2)-binding Sarbecovirus spikes. Importantly, compared to vaccines based on the SARS-CoV-2 Reference strain, vaccines based on Omicron spike sequences induced drastically less broadly cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against other hACE2-binding sarbecoviruses. This observation remained true whether the vaccination regimens were based on protein subunit or mRNA / LNP vaccines. Overall, while it may be necessary to update vaccine antigens to combat the evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus for enhanced protection from COVID-19, Reference-based vaccines may be a more valuable tool to protect against novel coronavirus zoonoses.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2948-1767
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series npj Viruses
spelling doaj-art-a8d0af306892431ba70122d09fbd30e12024-11-24T12:14:14ZengNature Portfolionpj Viruses2948-17672024-11-01211810.1038/s44298-024-00067-9Reduced cross-protective potential of Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronavirusesTyler M. Renner0Matthew Stuible1Brian Cass2Sylvie Perret3Julie Guimond4Simon Lord-Dufour5Michael J. McCluskie6Yves Durocher7Bassel Akache8National Research Council Canada, Human Health TherapeuticsNational Research Council Canada, Human Health TherapeuticsNational Research Council Canada, Human Health TherapeuticsNational Research Council Canada, Human Health TherapeuticsNational Research Council Canada, Human Health TherapeuticsNational Research Council Canada, Human Health TherapeuticsNational Research Council Canada, Human Health TherapeuticsNational Research Council Canada, Human Health TherapeuticsNational Research Council Canada, Human Health TherapeuticsAbstract The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of vaccines and preparedness against viral threats crossing species barriers. In response, a worldwide vaccination campaign targeting SARS-CoV-2 was implemented, which provides some cross-protective immunological memory to other coronavirus species with zoonotic potential. Following a vaccination regimen against SARS-CoV-2 spike in a preclinical mouse model, we were able to demonstrate the induction of neutralizing antibodies towards multiple human ACE2 (hACE2)-binding Sarbecovirus spikes. Importantly, compared to vaccines based on the SARS-CoV-2 Reference strain, vaccines based on Omicron spike sequences induced drastically less broadly cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against other hACE2-binding sarbecoviruses. This observation remained true whether the vaccination regimens were based on protein subunit or mRNA / LNP vaccines. Overall, while it may be necessary to update vaccine antigens to combat the evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus for enhanced protection from COVID-19, Reference-based vaccines may be a more valuable tool to protect against novel coronavirus zoonoses.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-024-00067-9
spellingShingle Tyler M. Renner
Matthew Stuible
Brian Cass
Sylvie Perret
Julie Guimond
Simon Lord-Dufour
Michael J. McCluskie
Yves Durocher
Bassel Akache
Reduced cross-protective potential of Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronaviruses
npj Viruses
title Reduced cross-protective potential of Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronaviruses
title_full Reduced cross-protective potential of Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronaviruses
title_fullStr Reduced cross-protective potential of Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronaviruses
title_full_unstemmed Reduced cross-protective potential of Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronaviruses
title_short Reduced cross-protective potential of Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronaviruses
title_sort reduced cross protective potential of omicron compared to ancestral sars cov 2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronaviruses
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-024-00067-9
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