Bioactive and Biological Potential of Black Chokeberry Leaves Under the Influence of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction
To determine the optimal conditions of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from black chokeberry leaves (BCL), temperature, time and sample-to-solvent ratio (SSR) were varied to obtain maximum polyphenols yield. The extracts were analyzed for to...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1582 |
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| author | Maja Repajić Ivona Elez Garofulić Ena Cegledi Erika Dobroslavić Sandra Pedisić Ksenija Durgo Ana Huđek Turković Jasna Mrvčić Karla Hanousek Čiča Verica Dragović-Uzelac |
| author_facet | Maja Repajić Ivona Elez Garofulić Ena Cegledi Erika Dobroslavić Sandra Pedisić Ksenija Durgo Ana Huđek Turković Jasna Mrvčić Karla Hanousek Čiča Verica Dragović-Uzelac |
| author_sort | Maja Repajić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To determine the optimal conditions of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from black chokeberry leaves (BCL), temperature, time and sample-to-solvent ratio (SSR) were varied to obtain maximum polyphenols yield. The extracts were analyzed for total polyphenols (TP) as well as individual ones (UPLC ESI MS<sup>2</sup>) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH and ORAC). Moreover, the biological activity of the selected extracts was additionally determined. The optimal PLE and MAE conditions were 150 °C, 5 min extraction time and SSR 1:30 g/mL (TP 80.0 mg GAE/g dm), and 70 °C, extraction time 5 min and SSR 1:30 g/mL (TP 36.4 mg GAE/g dm), respectively. Both methods yielded similar polyphenol profiles (43 compounds) but differed quantitatively. MAE extracts contained more flavonols and phenolic acids, while PLE extracts had higher procyanidins and flavan-3-ols. Furthermore, the PLE extract exhibited a superior antioxidant capacity. This BCL extract also showed that it can protect against oxidative and DNA damage and can induce free radical formation and DNA damage, albeit at different doses. Moreover, it had a moderate antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i>, while no antimicrobial activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and molds. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a8b4e292294e4ae4bf985420bd22c13b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-a8b4e292294e4ae4bf985420bd22c13b2024-12-27T14:07:02ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-12-011312158210.3390/antiox13121582Bioactive and Biological Potential of Black Chokeberry Leaves Under the Influence of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted ExtractionMaja Repajić0Ivona Elez Garofulić1Ena Cegledi2Erika Dobroslavić3Sandra Pedisić4Ksenija Durgo5Ana Huđek Turković6Jasna Mrvčić7Karla Hanousek Čiča8Verica Dragović-Uzelac9University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Dubrovnik, Department of Applied Ecology, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaTo determine the optimal conditions of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from black chokeberry leaves (BCL), temperature, time and sample-to-solvent ratio (SSR) were varied to obtain maximum polyphenols yield. The extracts were analyzed for total polyphenols (TP) as well as individual ones (UPLC ESI MS<sup>2</sup>) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH and ORAC). Moreover, the biological activity of the selected extracts was additionally determined. The optimal PLE and MAE conditions were 150 °C, 5 min extraction time and SSR 1:30 g/mL (TP 80.0 mg GAE/g dm), and 70 °C, extraction time 5 min and SSR 1:30 g/mL (TP 36.4 mg GAE/g dm), respectively. Both methods yielded similar polyphenol profiles (43 compounds) but differed quantitatively. MAE extracts contained more flavonols and phenolic acids, while PLE extracts had higher procyanidins and flavan-3-ols. Furthermore, the PLE extract exhibited a superior antioxidant capacity. This BCL extract also showed that it can protect against oxidative and DNA damage and can induce free radical formation and DNA damage, albeit at different doses. Moreover, it had a moderate antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i>, while no antimicrobial activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and molds.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1582<i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> L.polyphenolsantioxidant capacitycytotoxicityantiproliferative activityDNA damage |
| spellingShingle | Maja Repajić Ivona Elez Garofulić Ena Cegledi Erika Dobroslavić Sandra Pedisić Ksenija Durgo Ana Huđek Turković Jasna Mrvčić Karla Hanousek Čiča Verica Dragović-Uzelac Bioactive and Biological Potential of Black Chokeberry Leaves Under the Influence of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Antioxidants <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> L. polyphenols antioxidant capacity cytotoxicity antiproliferative activity DNA damage |
| title | Bioactive and Biological Potential of Black Chokeberry Leaves Under the Influence of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
| title_full | Bioactive and Biological Potential of Black Chokeberry Leaves Under the Influence of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
| title_fullStr | Bioactive and Biological Potential of Black Chokeberry Leaves Under the Influence of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioactive and Biological Potential of Black Chokeberry Leaves Under the Influence of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
| title_short | Bioactive and Biological Potential of Black Chokeberry Leaves Under the Influence of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
| title_sort | bioactive and biological potential of black chokeberry leaves under the influence of pressurized liquid extraction and microwave assisted extraction |
| topic | <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> L. polyphenols antioxidant capacity cytotoxicity antiproliferative activity DNA damage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1582 |
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