CA-YOLOv5: A YOLO model for apple detection in the natural environment
Improving the effectiveness of harvesting robots requires quick and accurate apple detection in natural environments. The colour and shape features of apples are corrupted due to the reflected light and the incomplete coverage of the fruit bag, bringing difficulties to apple detection. To address th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Systems Science & Control Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21642583.2023.2278905 |
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| author | Ruotong Yang Yuanbo He Zhiwei Hu Ruibo Gao Hua Yang |
| author_facet | Ruotong Yang Yuanbo He Zhiwei Hu Ruibo Gao Hua Yang |
| author_sort | Ruotong Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Improving the effectiveness of harvesting robots requires quick and accurate apple detection in natural environments. The colour and shape features of apples are corrupted due to the reflected light and the incomplete coverage of the fruit bag, bringing difficulties to apple detection. To address this issue, the Coordinate Attention You Only Look Once version 5 (CA-YOLOv5) is designed to simultaneously detect bagged and unbagged apples in the natural environment. Firstly, 1525 apple images are collected from apple orchards to build a dataset. Secondly, to solve the reflected light problem, all C3 modules in the Backbone are substituted for Coordinate Attention modules which can improve the feature representation of objects. Finally, to solve the incomplete bagging problem, the Path Aggregation Network in the Neck is replaced by a Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network which can better fuse the features of various sizes. The CA-YOLOv5 network reaches 82.7%, 89.8%, 48.6%, and 87.0% for recall, mAP@0.5, mAP@0.5:0.95, and F1 score, respectively, which is 2.3%,1.2%,1.9%, and 2.9% higher than the YOLOv5. The results reveal that CA-YOLOv5 has much superior detection performance than the original YOLOv5, and it can serve as a technical benchmark for the development of automatic orchard-picking robots. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a8536e456a4e4c9cb6ec7a6544f69cec |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2164-2583 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Systems Science & Control Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-a8536e456a4e4c9cb6ec7a6544f69cec2024-12-17T09:06:12ZengTaylor & Francis GroupSystems Science & Control Engineering2164-25832024-12-0112110.1080/21642583.2023.2278905CA-YOLOv5: A YOLO model for apple detection in the natural environmentRuotong Yang0Yuanbo He1Zhiwei Hu2Ruibo Gao3Hua Yang4College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of ChinaImproving the effectiveness of harvesting robots requires quick and accurate apple detection in natural environments. The colour and shape features of apples are corrupted due to the reflected light and the incomplete coverage of the fruit bag, bringing difficulties to apple detection. To address this issue, the Coordinate Attention You Only Look Once version 5 (CA-YOLOv5) is designed to simultaneously detect bagged and unbagged apples in the natural environment. Firstly, 1525 apple images are collected from apple orchards to build a dataset. Secondly, to solve the reflected light problem, all C3 modules in the Backbone are substituted for Coordinate Attention modules which can improve the feature representation of objects. Finally, to solve the incomplete bagging problem, the Path Aggregation Network in the Neck is replaced by a Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network which can better fuse the features of various sizes. The CA-YOLOv5 network reaches 82.7%, 89.8%, 48.6%, and 87.0% for recall, mAP@0.5, mAP@0.5:0.95, and F1 score, respectively, which is 2.3%,1.2%,1.9%, and 2.9% higher than the YOLOv5. The results reveal that CA-YOLOv5 has much superior detection performance than the original YOLOv5, and it can serve as a technical benchmark for the development of automatic orchard-picking robots.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21642583.2023.2278905Apple detectionnatural environmentsYOLOv5coordinate attentionbidirectional feature pyramid network |
| spellingShingle | Ruotong Yang Yuanbo He Zhiwei Hu Ruibo Gao Hua Yang CA-YOLOv5: A YOLO model for apple detection in the natural environment Systems Science & Control Engineering Apple detection natural environments YOLOv5 coordinate attention bidirectional feature pyramid network |
| title | CA-YOLOv5: A YOLO model for apple detection in the natural environment |
| title_full | CA-YOLOv5: A YOLO model for apple detection in the natural environment |
| title_fullStr | CA-YOLOv5: A YOLO model for apple detection in the natural environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | CA-YOLOv5: A YOLO model for apple detection in the natural environment |
| title_short | CA-YOLOv5: A YOLO model for apple detection in the natural environment |
| title_sort | ca yolov5 a yolo model for apple detection in the natural environment |
| topic | Apple detection natural environments YOLOv5 coordinate attention bidirectional feature pyramid network |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21642583.2023.2278905 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruotongyang cayolov5ayolomodelforappledetectioninthenaturalenvironment AT yuanbohe cayolov5ayolomodelforappledetectioninthenaturalenvironment AT zhiweihu cayolov5ayolomodelforappledetectioninthenaturalenvironment AT ruibogao cayolov5ayolomodelforappledetectioninthenaturalenvironment AT huayang cayolov5ayolomodelforappledetectioninthenaturalenvironment |