Charge-transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysis
Abstract Intensified host-guest electronic interplay within stable metal-organic cages (MOCs) presents great opportunities for applications in stimuli response and photocatalysis. Zr-MOCs represent a type of robust discrete hosts for such a design, but their host-guest chemistry in solution is hampe...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55893-z |
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| author | Gen Li Zelin Du Chao Wu Yawei Liu Yan Xu Roy Lavendomme Shihang Liang En-Qing Gao Dawei Zhang |
| author_facet | Gen Li Zelin Du Chao Wu Yawei Liu Yan Xu Roy Lavendomme Shihang Liang En-Qing Gao Dawei Zhang |
| author_sort | Gen Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Intensified host-guest electronic interplay within stable metal-organic cages (MOCs) presents great opportunities for applications in stimuli response and photocatalysis. Zr-MOCs represent a type of robust discrete hosts for such a design, but their host-guest chemistry in solution is hampered by the limited solubility. Here, by using pyridinium-derived cationic ligands with tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate (BArF −) as solubilizing counteranions, we report the preparation of soluble Zr-MOCs of different shapes (1-4) that are otherwise inaccessible through a conventional method. Enforced arrangement of the multiple electron-deficient pyridinium groups into one cage (1) leads to magnified positive electrostatic field and electron-accepting strength in favor of hosting electron-donating anions, including halides and tetraarylborates. The strong charge-transfer (CT) interactions activate guest-to-host photoinduced electron transfer (PET), leading to pronounced and regulable photochromisms. Both ground-state and radical structures of host and host-guest complexes have been unambiguously characterized by X-ray crystallography. The CT-enhanced PET also enables the use of 1 as an efficient photocatalyst for aerobic oxidation of tetraarylborates into biaryls and phenols. This work presents the solution assembly of soluble Zr-MOCs from cationic ligands with the assistance of solubilizing anions and highlights the great potential of harnessing host-guest CT for boosting PET-based functions and applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a84a7e2229724681ace08686d91d426f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-a84a7e2229724681ace08686d91d426f2025-01-12T12:31:33ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-55893-zCharge-transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysisGen Li0Zelin Du1Chao Wu2Yawei Liu3Yan Xu4Roy Lavendomme5Shihang Liang6En-Qing Gao7Dawei Zhang8State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal UniversityDepartment of Computer Science, Durham UniversityState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal UniversityLaboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum ProcessingState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal UniversityAbstract Intensified host-guest electronic interplay within stable metal-organic cages (MOCs) presents great opportunities for applications in stimuli response and photocatalysis. Zr-MOCs represent a type of robust discrete hosts for such a design, but their host-guest chemistry in solution is hampered by the limited solubility. Here, by using pyridinium-derived cationic ligands with tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate (BArF −) as solubilizing counteranions, we report the preparation of soluble Zr-MOCs of different shapes (1-4) that are otherwise inaccessible through a conventional method. Enforced arrangement of the multiple electron-deficient pyridinium groups into one cage (1) leads to magnified positive electrostatic field and electron-accepting strength in favor of hosting electron-donating anions, including halides and tetraarylborates. The strong charge-transfer (CT) interactions activate guest-to-host photoinduced electron transfer (PET), leading to pronounced and regulable photochromisms. Both ground-state and radical structures of host and host-guest complexes have been unambiguously characterized by X-ray crystallography. The CT-enhanced PET also enables the use of 1 as an efficient photocatalyst for aerobic oxidation of tetraarylborates into biaryls and phenols. This work presents the solution assembly of soluble Zr-MOCs from cationic ligands with the assistance of solubilizing anions and highlights the great potential of harnessing host-guest CT for boosting PET-based functions and applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55893-z |
| spellingShingle | Gen Li Zelin Du Chao Wu Yawei Liu Yan Xu Roy Lavendomme Shihang Liang En-Qing Gao Dawei Zhang Charge-transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysis Nature Communications |
| title | Charge-transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysis |
| title_full | Charge-transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysis |
| title_fullStr | Charge-transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Charge-transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysis |
| title_short | Charge-transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysis |
| title_sort | charge transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55893-z |
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