Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes

Background Inadequate energy intake among athletes can lead to low energy availability (LEA) which in turn can result in negative effects on athletic performance and physical and psychological health. This syndrome is known as relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs).Objective To map perceived ch...

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Main Authors: Maria Larsson, Ida Lindman, Josefin Abrahamson, Agneta Hörnell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group
Series:BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health
Online Access:https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2024/12/11/bmjnph-2024-000954.full
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author Maria Larsson
Ida Lindman
Josefin Abrahamson
Agneta Hörnell
author_facet Maria Larsson
Ida Lindman
Josefin Abrahamson
Agneta Hörnell
author_sort Maria Larsson
collection DOAJ
description Background Inadequate energy intake among athletes can lead to low energy availability (LEA) which in turn can result in negative effects on athletic performance and physical and psychological health. This syndrome is known as relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs).Objective To map perceived changes in overall food intake among adolescent athletes during the previous year, as well as weekly changes during a 3-month period and to examine how these changes are associated with mental health, physical load and sex.Methods A total of 168 high school athletes from eight different sports participated. A baseline questionnaire examined changes in training habits and food intake in the past year, mental health (short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS)), injury history and previous periods of poor psychological health. Weekly digital questionnaires for 3 months tracked weekly physical and mental load and changes in food intake. Comparative and correlation analyses were performed with p<0.05 considered significant.Results A decreased food intake during the previous year was reported more often among athletes experiencing periods of poor mental health than those without such periods (10% vs 2%; p=0.034). Athletes who decreased their food intake reported lower mental well-being than athletes who increased their food intake (mean difference in SWEMWBS=4.69±1.57; p=0.021). Over a 3-month period, most athletes did not change their food intake, yet fluctuations in physical load were reported.Conclusion This study showed that athletes experiencing lower mental health or period(s) of poor mental health reported decreased food intake more often than those with better mental health or those without period(s) of poor mental health. In addition, the mismatch found between perceived weekly changes in overall food intake and changes in physical load during the same time period could potentially result in an increased risk for LEA.
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spelling doaj-art-a7e7d61934bb4bd189a2064b261508eb2024-12-17T16:20:08ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health2516-554210.1136/bmjnph-2024-000954Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletesMaria Larsson0Ida Lindman1Josefin Abrahamson2Agneta Hörnell3Section for rehabilitation and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, SwedenGeneral Practice (Family Medicine), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenborg, SwedenOrthopaedic Research Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Food,Nutrition and Culinary Science, Umeå Universitet, Umea, SwedenBackground Inadequate energy intake among athletes can lead to low energy availability (LEA) which in turn can result in negative effects on athletic performance and physical and psychological health. This syndrome is known as relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs).Objective To map perceived changes in overall food intake among adolescent athletes during the previous year, as well as weekly changes during a 3-month period and to examine how these changes are associated with mental health, physical load and sex.Methods A total of 168 high school athletes from eight different sports participated. A baseline questionnaire examined changes in training habits and food intake in the past year, mental health (short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS)), injury history and previous periods of poor psychological health. Weekly digital questionnaires for 3 months tracked weekly physical and mental load and changes in food intake. Comparative and correlation analyses were performed with p<0.05 considered significant.Results A decreased food intake during the previous year was reported more often among athletes experiencing periods of poor mental health than those without such periods (10% vs 2%; p=0.034). Athletes who decreased their food intake reported lower mental well-being than athletes who increased their food intake (mean difference in SWEMWBS=4.69±1.57; p=0.021). Over a 3-month period, most athletes did not change their food intake, yet fluctuations in physical load were reported.Conclusion This study showed that athletes experiencing lower mental health or period(s) of poor mental health reported decreased food intake more often than those with better mental health or those without period(s) of poor mental health. In addition, the mismatch found between perceived weekly changes in overall food intake and changes in physical load during the same time period could potentially result in an increased risk for LEA.https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2024/12/11/bmjnph-2024-000954.full
spellingShingle Maria Larsson
Ida Lindman
Josefin Abrahamson
Agneta Hörnell
Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health
title Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes
title_full Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes
title_fullStr Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes
title_full_unstemmed Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes
title_short Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes
title_sort prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes
url https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2024/12/11/bmjnph-2024-000954.full
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AT idalindman prospectivestudyoffoodintakechangesinadolescenteliteathletes
AT josefinabrahamson prospectivestudyoffoodintakechangesinadolescenteliteathletes
AT agnetahornell prospectivestudyoffoodintakechangesinadolescenteliteathletes