Elytra-inspired zirconium phosphate nanonetwork: Toward high-quality osseointegration and physical-chemical-mechanical bond at the interface for zirconia-based dental materials

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is widely used in dental implants and prostheses due to its excellent aesthetic and restorative properties. However, its bio-inert surface limits early osseointegration and weakens bonding strengths with porcelain veneer/resin cement. Inspired by the structure of bee...

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Main Authors: Shuyi Wu, Yingyue Sun, Qihong Zhang, Wen Si, Peng Gao, Lei Lu, Zhennan Deng, Lihua Xu, Xinkun Shen, Jinsong Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-08-01
Series:Bioactive Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X25001380
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author Shuyi Wu
Yingyue Sun
Qihong Zhang
Wen Si
Peng Gao
Lei Lu
Zhennan Deng
Lihua Xu
Xinkun Shen
Jinsong Liu
author_facet Shuyi Wu
Yingyue Sun
Qihong Zhang
Wen Si
Peng Gao
Lei Lu
Zhennan Deng
Lihua Xu
Xinkun Shen
Jinsong Liu
author_sort Shuyi Wu
collection DOAJ
description Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is widely used in dental implants and prostheses due to its excellent aesthetic and restorative properties. However, its bio-inert surface limits early osseointegration and weakens bonding strengths with porcelain veneer/resin cement. Inspired by the structure of beetle elytra, this work proposes a novel strategy involving a self-assembled trabecular-honeycomb biomimetic zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanonetwork to modify YSZ surfaces. This approach simultaneously enhances energy dissipation, interfacial bonding, and osseointegration. The pore size of ZrP nanonetwork was precisely controlled by adjusting reaction temperatures (120 °C and 160 °C) and phosphoric acid concentrations (1.0 wt% and 2.5 wt%). Compared to conventional YSZ, the ZrP nanonetworks achieved remarkable improvements in bond strength, showing increases of 111 % with porcelain veneer and 336 % with resin cement. These enhancements are attributed to multiscale physical-chemical-mechanical interactions, including micromechanical anchoring, chemical bonding via phosphate groups, and energy dissipation through topological optimization. In vitro studies demonstrated that large-pore-size nanonetworks promote osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and modulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, fostering an immune environment conducive to bone regeneration. In vivo experiments further validated the superior osseointegration and bone regeneration capacities of the large-pore-size ZrP nanonetwork. Collectively, this biomimetic ZrP nanonetwork-modified YSZ, with its exceptional physical-chemical-mechanical bonding properties, osseointegration potential, and immune-modulating capabilities, represents a groundbreaking advancement in zirconia-based material for dental implants and prostheses.
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spelling doaj-art-a7d58cc773064e68a2d93a2a023a3b792025-08-20T03:45:18ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Bioactive Materials2452-199X2025-08-015011613310.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.03.028Elytra-inspired zirconium phosphate nanonetwork: Toward high-quality osseointegration and physical-chemical-mechanical bond at the interface for zirconia-based dental materialsShuyi Wu0Yingyue Sun1Qihong Zhang2Wen Si3Peng Gao4Lei Lu5Zhennan Deng6Lihua Xu7Xinkun Shen8Jinsong Liu9School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, ChinaDepartment of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Corresponding author. Shangcai Village, Nanbaixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.Ningbo Key Laboratory of Skin Science, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, 315000, China; Corresponding author. 51# Xuefu Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China.School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Corresponding author. 268# Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is widely used in dental implants and prostheses due to its excellent aesthetic and restorative properties. However, its bio-inert surface limits early osseointegration and weakens bonding strengths with porcelain veneer/resin cement. Inspired by the structure of beetle elytra, this work proposes a novel strategy involving a self-assembled trabecular-honeycomb biomimetic zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanonetwork to modify YSZ surfaces. This approach simultaneously enhances energy dissipation, interfacial bonding, and osseointegration. The pore size of ZrP nanonetwork was precisely controlled by adjusting reaction temperatures (120 °C and 160 °C) and phosphoric acid concentrations (1.0 wt% and 2.5 wt%). Compared to conventional YSZ, the ZrP nanonetworks achieved remarkable improvements in bond strength, showing increases of 111 % with porcelain veneer and 336 % with resin cement. These enhancements are attributed to multiscale physical-chemical-mechanical interactions, including micromechanical anchoring, chemical bonding via phosphate groups, and energy dissipation through topological optimization. In vitro studies demonstrated that large-pore-size nanonetworks promote osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and modulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, fostering an immune environment conducive to bone regeneration. In vivo experiments further validated the superior osseointegration and bone regeneration capacities of the large-pore-size ZrP nanonetwork. Collectively, this biomimetic ZrP nanonetwork-modified YSZ, with its exceptional physical-chemical-mechanical bonding properties, osseointegration potential, and immune-modulating capabilities, represents a groundbreaking advancement in zirconia-based material for dental implants and prostheses.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X25001380ZirconiaBionicsSelf-assemblyOsseointegrationBonding strength
spellingShingle Shuyi Wu
Yingyue Sun
Qihong Zhang
Wen Si
Peng Gao
Lei Lu
Zhennan Deng
Lihua Xu
Xinkun Shen
Jinsong Liu
Elytra-inspired zirconium phosphate nanonetwork: Toward high-quality osseointegration and physical-chemical-mechanical bond at the interface for zirconia-based dental materials
Bioactive Materials
Zirconia
Bionics
Self-assembly
Osseointegration
Bonding strength
title Elytra-inspired zirconium phosphate nanonetwork: Toward high-quality osseointegration and physical-chemical-mechanical bond at the interface for zirconia-based dental materials
title_full Elytra-inspired zirconium phosphate nanonetwork: Toward high-quality osseointegration and physical-chemical-mechanical bond at the interface for zirconia-based dental materials
title_fullStr Elytra-inspired zirconium phosphate nanonetwork: Toward high-quality osseointegration and physical-chemical-mechanical bond at the interface for zirconia-based dental materials
title_full_unstemmed Elytra-inspired zirconium phosphate nanonetwork: Toward high-quality osseointegration and physical-chemical-mechanical bond at the interface for zirconia-based dental materials
title_short Elytra-inspired zirconium phosphate nanonetwork: Toward high-quality osseointegration and physical-chemical-mechanical bond at the interface for zirconia-based dental materials
title_sort elytra inspired zirconium phosphate nanonetwork toward high quality osseointegration and physical chemical mechanical bond at the interface for zirconia based dental materials
topic Zirconia
Bionics
Self-assembly
Osseointegration
Bonding strength
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X25001380
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