Maillard Reaction in Flour Product Processing: Mechanism, Impact on Quality, and Mitigation Strategies of Harmful Products

The Maillard reaction refers to the reaction between carbonyl compounds with reducing properties and amino-containing compounds that undergo condensation and polymerization to produce melanoidins. In flour product processing, the Maillard reaction is a critical chemical reaction influencing color, f...

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Main Authors: Yajing Qi, Wenjun Wang, Tianxiang Yang, Wangmin Ding, Bin Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2721
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author Yajing Qi
Wenjun Wang
Tianxiang Yang
Wangmin Ding
Bin Xu
author_facet Yajing Qi
Wenjun Wang
Tianxiang Yang
Wangmin Ding
Bin Xu
author_sort Yajing Qi
collection DOAJ
description The Maillard reaction refers to the reaction between carbonyl compounds with reducing properties and amino-containing compounds that undergo condensation and polymerization to produce melanoidins. In flour product processing, the Maillard reaction is a critical chemical reaction influencing color, flavor, nutrition, and safety. A moderate Maillard reaction contributes to desirable color and flavor profiles in flour products, whereas an excessive reaction leads to amino acid loss and the formation of harmful substances, posing potential health risks. This review summarizes the substrate sources, reaction stages, influencing factors, impact on quality, and mitigation strategies of harmful products, aiming to provide a reference for regulating the Maillard reaction in flour product processing. Currently, most existing mitigation strategies focus on inhibiting harmful products, while research on the synergistic optimization of color and flavor remains insufficient. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of reaction pathways, understanding multi-factor synergistic effects, and developing composite regulation technologies to balance the sensory quality and safety of flour products.
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series Foods
spelling doaj-art-a7bf7fb3d235410893b6a66fbb1bdd552025-08-20T04:00:50ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-08-011415272110.3390/foods14152721Maillard Reaction in Flour Product Processing: Mechanism, Impact on Quality, and Mitigation Strategies of Harmful ProductsYajing Qi0Wenjun Wang1Tianxiang Yang2Wangmin Ding3Bin Xu4School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaThe Maillard reaction refers to the reaction between carbonyl compounds with reducing properties and amino-containing compounds that undergo condensation and polymerization to produce melanoidins. In flour product processing, the Maillard reaction is a critical chemical reaction influencing color, flavor, nutrition, and safety. A moderate Maillard reaction contributes to desirable color and flavor profiles in flour products, whereas an excessive reaction leads to amino acid loss and the formation of harmful substances, posing potential health risks. This review summarizes the substrate sources, reaction stages, influencing factors, impact on quality, and mitigation strategies of harmful products, aiming to provide a reference for regulating the Maillard reaction in flour product processing. Currently, most existing mitigation strategies focus on inhibiting harmful products, while research on the synergistic optimization of color and flavor remains insufficient. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of reaction pathways, understanding multi-factor synergistic effects, and developing composite regulation technologies to balance the sensory quality and safety of flour products.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2721flour productsMaillard reactionmitigation strategies
spellingShingle Yajing Qi
Wenjun Wang
Tianxiang Yang
Wangmin Ding
Bin Xu
Maillard Reaction in Flour Product Processing: Mechanism, Impact on Quality, and Mitigation Strategies of Harmful Products
Foods
flour products
Maillard reaction
mitigation strategies
title Maillard Reaction in Flour Product Processing: Mechanism, Impact on Quality, and Mitigation Strategies of Harmful Products
title_full Maillard Reaction in Flour Product Processing: Mechanism, Impact on Quality, and Mitigation Strategies of Harmful Products
title_fullStr Maillard Reaction in Flour Product Processing: Mechanism, Impact on Quality, and Mitigation Strategies of Harmful Products
title_full_unstemmed Maillard Reaction in Flour Product Processing: Mechanism, Impact on Quality, and Mitigation Strategies of Harmful Products
title_short Maillard Reaction in Flour Product Processing: Mechanism, Impact on Quality, and Mitigation Strategies of Harmful Products
title_sort maillard reaction in flour product processing mechanism impact on quality and mitigation strategies of harmful products
topic flour products
Maillard reaction
mitigation strategies
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2721
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AT tianxiangyang maillardreactioninflourproductprocessingmechanismimpactonqualityandmitigationstrategiesofharmfulproducts
AT wangminding maillardreactioninflourproductprocessingmechanismimpactonqualityandmitigationstrategiesofharmfulproducts
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