Altered gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attempt

This study investigates the role of the gut microbiome in suicidal behavior among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Fecal samples from 50 hospitalized patients with MDD, including 35 with recent suicide attempts (60 % female) and 15 without a history of suicide (73 % female), were an...

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Main Authors: Emese Prandovszky, Hua Liu, Emily G. Severance, Victor W. Splan, Faith B. Dickerson, Robert H. Yolken
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354625001395
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author Emese Prandovszky
Hua Liu
Emily G. Severance
Victor W. Splan
Faith B. Dickerson
Robert H. Yolken
author_facet Emese Prandovszky
Hua Liu
Emily G. Severance
Victor W. Splan
Faith B. Dickerson
Robert H. Yolken
author_sort Emese Prandovszky
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the role of the gut microbiome in suicidal behavior among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Fecal samples from 50 hospitalized patients with MDD, including 35 with recent suicide attempts (60 % female) and 15 without a history of suicide (73 % female), were analyzed using 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing to assess microbiome diversity and metabolic potential. Results revealed that suicide attempters exhibited significantly greater microbial richness and distinct beta-diversity patterns. Notably, they had higher levels of Fenollaria timonensis and lower levels of Corynebacterium aurimucosum. Additionally, 25 metabolic pathways differed between groups, with several linked to energy metabolism and amino acid processing—processes previously associated with MDD and suicidal behavior. These findings suggest that microbiome composition may influence suicide risk through gut-brain axis-mediated pathways, although due to the exploratory nature of this study further investigation is needed to validate our findings. Given the microbiome's modifiability, future research should explore microbial-targeted interventions as a potential strategy for suicide prevention in individuals with MDD.
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publishDate 2025-10-01
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series Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
spelling doaj-art-a7a4caf4cdec4ab89ea95ae2bf0e398d2025-08-20T03:46:47ZengElsevierBrain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health2666-35462025-10-014810108110.1016/j.bbih.2025.101081Altered gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attemptEmese Prandovszky0Hua Liu1Emily G. Severance2Victor W. Splan3Faith B. Dickerson4Robert H. Yolken5Division of Stanley Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Corresponding author.Division of Stanley Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USADivision of Stanley Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USADivision of Stanley Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USADepartment of Psychology, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USADivision of Stanley Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAThis study investigates the role of the gut microbiome in suicidal behavior among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Fecal samples from 50 hospitalized patients with MDD, including 35 with recent suicide attempts (60 % female) and 15 without a history of suicide (73 % female), were analyzed using 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing to assess microbiome diversity and metabolic potential. Results revealed that suicide attempters exhibited significantly greater microbial richness and distinct beta-diversity patterns. Notably, they had higher levels of Fenollaria timonensis and lower levels of Corynebacterium aurimucosum. Additionally, 25 metabolic pathways differed between groups, with several linked to energy metabolism and amino acid processing—processes previously associated with MDD and suicidal behavior. These findings suggest that microbiome composition may influence suicide risk through gut-brain axis-mediated pathways, although due to the exploratory nature of this study further investigation is needed to validate our findings. Given the microbiome's modifiability, future research should explore microbial-targeted interventions as a potential strategy for suicide prevention in individuals with MDD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354625001395Recent suicide attemptMicrobiomeShotgun sequencingMetabolomic profilingGut-brain axis
spellingShingle Emese Prandovszky
Hua Liu
Emily G. Severance
Victor W. Splan
Faith B. Dickerson
Robert H. Yolken
Altered gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attempt
Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
Recent suicide attempt
Microbiome
Shotgun sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
Gut-brain axis
title Altered gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attempt
title_full Altered gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attempt
title_fullStr Altered gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attempt
title_full_unstemmed Altered gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attempt
title_short Altered gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attempt
title_sort altered gut microbial diversity composition and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attempt
topic Recent suicide attempt
Microbiome
Shotgun sequencing
Metabolomic profiling
Gut-brain axis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354625001395
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